Rhaconotus
A large genus with 150 species described [1].
The synonyms currently recognized are:
Hedysomus Foerster, 1862 (synonymized by Muesebeck & Walkley in 1951)
Hormiopterus Giraud, 1869 (synonymized by Nixon in 1940)
Rhadinogaster Szépligeti, 1908 (synonymized by Marsh in 1973)
Euryphrymnus Cameron, 1910 (synonymized by Muesebeck & Walkley in 1951)
Rhaconotinus Hedqvist, 1965 (synonymized by Belokobylskij in 1992)
References
- , “Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive.”. www.taxapad.com, Ottawa, Canada., 2012.
Appear to be parasitoids of coleopterous (Bruchidae, Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Curculionidae, Proterrhinidae) and lepidopterous (Brachodidae, Crambidae, Gelechiidae, Phycitidae, Pyralidae, Pyraustidae) larvae boring in the stems of herbs, shrubs and grasses [1]. Several Old World species attack borers in rice, sugar cane and cotton [2].
References
- , “Systematics, distribution and diversity of the Australasian doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae).”, Records of the South Australian Museum Monograph Series, vol. 8, pp. 1-150, 2004.
- , The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus), vol. 70, 1 vol. Gainsville, Fl.: American Entomological Institute, 2002, p. 319.
Head subcubical or slightly transverse; ocelli usually in triangle with base larger than its sides; eyes glabrous or sometimes sparsely setose; occipital carina present, often reduced ventrally and not fused with hypostomal carina; postgenal bridge narrow; palpi formula 6-4; scape wide and short, without large apical lobe; first flagellar segment slightly curved or straight, almost as long as second segment, sometimes longer or shorter than it; mesosoma not depressed, usually not shorter than second segment; neck of promesosoma short or sometimes long, more or less distinctly convex dorsally; pronotal keel distinct; anterior mesonotum gently curving posteriorly or sometimes subvertical raised above pronotum; notauli present, deep anteriorly and shallow posteriorly; sternaulus distinct, long or short, usually almost straight; prepectal carina present; propodeum without marginated areas, or with basolateral areas, lateral tubercles absent; propodeal bridge absent; fore tibia with slender spines arranged almost in single row; hind coxa with basoventral corner and tooth; all femora with dorsal wide protuberances; hind basitarsus 0.6-0.8 times as long as segments 2-5 combined; fore wing marginal cell usually not shortened; 2RS and r-m present; 1m-cu postfurcal, rarely interstitial; 1cu-a usually postfurcal; 3CU interstitial; first subdiscal cell closed; hind wing cu-a present; subbasal cell short; m-cu usually present, oblique, directed toward base of wing; RS arising from R; marginal cell without r; in male hind wing without stigma-like enlargement; first metasomal tergite short and wide or sometimes narrow and long, with distinct dorsope; acrosternite 0.2-0.25 times as long as tergite; second suture present and curved; second tergite sometimes with apical furrows and lenticular apical area; fifth or sixth tergite enlarged, usually concealing the succeeding segments; ovipositor of various length [1].
Small to moderate size, 2.5-5.0 mm; body entirely sculptured, frequently distinctly and deeply costate or porcate; occipital carina present; pronotum lengthened, pronotal collar often with transverse carina; fore and middle femora with distinct blister-like swelling anteriorly near base, fore tibia with 6-10 stout spines along anterior edge often in two indistinct rows; hind coxa with distinct antero-ventral basal tubercle; fore wing vein r-m present, vein m-cu usually arising distad vein 2RS, occasionally appearing interstitial with 2RS, vein RS+M sinuate, vein 2CU interstitial with or on same line as vein 1CU, first subdiscal cell closed at apex; hind wing vein M+CU usually 0.25 length of vein 1M, occasionally about 0.33 length; fifth metasomal tergum enlarged and covering remainder of segments, terga 1-5 always sculptured, sometimes strongly so; basal sternal plate of first metasomal segment 0.25 length of tergum [2].
References
- , “Systematics, distribution and diversity of the Australasian doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae).”, Records of the South Australian Museum Monograph Series, vol. 8, pp. 1-150, 2004.
- , The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus), vol. 70, 1 vol. Gainsville, Fl.: American Entomological Institute, 2002, p. 319.
The enlarged fifth metasomal tergum which covers the remaining segments is sufficient to distinguish the Rhaconotus in Neotropics [1]. For the other parts of the world, .... (to be continued).
References
- , The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus), vol. 70, 1 vol. Gainsville, Fl.: American Entomological Institute, 2002, p. 319.
Afrotropical, Australasian, Nearctic, Neotropical, Palaearctic, Oceanic, Oriental.
Most diverse in the Old World but probably also well present in Neotropics with many undescribed species.