Caenophanes
A moderate genus with around 40 species described [1].
The synonyms actually known are:
Bracon (Synodus) Ratzeburg 1848 (junior homonym of Synodus Scopoli, 1777, Pisces)
Eurybolus Thomson 1892 (preoccupied by Eurybolus Ratzeburg 1848; synonymized by Viereck 1914)
Heterospilus (Ratzsynodus) Papp 1984 (synonymized by Tobias 1986; restored by Belokobylskij 1992)
Dendrosotinus (Astigmatandrus) Belokobylskij 1983 (synonymized by Belokobylskij and Tobias 1986).
References
- , “Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive.”. www.taxapad.com, Ottawa, Canada., 2012.
Parasitoids of beetle larvae of the families Bostrichidae, Buprestidae, Curculionidae (including Scolytinae) and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) [1], [2], [3], [4], [5].
References
- , “The genus Caenophanes Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) in the Western Palaeractic”, Annales zoologici (Warszawa), vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 773-787, 2011.
- , “Systematics, distribution and diversity of the Australasian doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae).”, Records of the South Australian Museum Monograph Series, vol. 8, pp. 1-150, 2004.
- , “Taxapad 2012, Ichneumonoidea 2011. Database on flash-drive.”. www.taxapad.com, Ottawa, Canada., 2012.
- , “First record from Costa Rica of the genus Caenophanes Foerster and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae)”, Journal of Hymenoptera Research, vol. 38, pp. 11-17, 2014.
- , “Two new species of the genera Caenophanes Foerster, 1862 and Neurocrassus Šnoflak, 1945 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from the Afrotropical Region”, Caucasian Entomological Bulletin, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 169-172, 2015.
Head. Head subcubical or weakly transverse. Ocelli arranged in almost equilateral triangle or in triangle with base 1.2–1.3 times larger than its sides. Malar suture absent. Occipital carina present, usually below not joined with hypostomal carina. Postgenal bridge more or less narrow. Maxillary palpus 6–segmented, labial palpus 4–segmented; third segment of labial palpus not shortened. Scape rather wide and short, without apical lobe and basal constriction. First flagellar segment longer than second segment, sometimes almost equal to or weakly shorter than it. Apical segment weakly pointed distally and without spine.
Mesosoma and legs. Neck of prothorax short, convex dorsally, with pronotal carina. Mesonotum distinctly, but usually not highly and roundly elevated above pronotum. Notauli complete or almost complete, more or less deep, but posteriorly usually shallow or sometimes very shallow. Scuto-scutellar suture present. Sternaulus deep or shallow, rather long, straight or weakly curved. Prepectal carina distinct. Propodeum with all areas delineated by carinae; lateral tubercles present but small; propodeal bridge absent. Fore tibia with sparse and distinct spines arranged in narrow stripe. Hind coxa with basoventral corner and distinct basoventral tooth. Basitarsus of hind tarsus 0.5–0.7 times as long as second-fifth segments combined.
Wings. Pterostigma of fore wing wide; radial vein arising almost from or more or less before middle of pterostigma. Radial cell weakly shortened. First radiomedial vein entirely or mostly absent, sometimes present short or very rarely long with its abscissa close to the radial veins. Discoidal cell distinctly petiolate. Nervulus usually postfurcal, rarely almost interstitial. Parallel vein usually interstitial, very rarely arising from anterior 0.1–0.2 of distal margin of brachial cell. Brachial cell closed usually on or rarely weakly before or behind level of recurrent vein. In hind wing, medial cell long and wide, about 0.4 times as long as wing, more or less widened apically. Radial vein strongly desclerotised; radial cell without transverse vein. Nervellus present. Submedial cell short or long; first abscissa of mediocubital vein 0.4–0.7 or 1.0–1.3 times as long as second abscissa. Recurrent vein present, but unsclerotised.
Metasoma. First metasomal tergite not petiolate, wide, with distinct dorsope; acrosternite of first tergite about 0.2 times as long as tergite. Suture between second and third tergites often absent, if sometimes present, then fine, more or less straight or weakly curved. Second tergite without furrows or areas. Ovipositor shorter or sometimes weakly longer than metasoma [1].
References
- , “Systematics, distribution and diversity of the Australasian doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae).”, Records of the South Australian Museum Monograph Series, vol. 8, pp. 1-150, 2004.
It is similar to genera in the tribe Heterospilini (and especially Heterospilus) because of the absence or weakness of fore wing vein 2RS, but is distinguished by having the first subdiscal cell of the fore wing closed at its apex [1].
It is similar to Dendrosotinus but could be distinguished by the first radiomedial vein of fore wing (almost) completely absent (present in Dendrosotinus), the ocellar triangle equilateral (with the base usually longer than its sides in Dendrosotinus), the hind coxa with basoventral tooth (without basoventral tooth in Dendrosotinus) [2].
References
- , “First record from Costa Rica of the genus Caenophanes Foerster and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae)”, Journal of Hymenoptera Research, vol. 38, pp. 11-17, 2014.
- , “Notes on the taxonomy of the Doryctinae with description of a new genus and three new species from the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).”, Zoosystematica Rossica, vol. 1(1992), pp. 89-96, 1993.
Afrotropical, Australasian, Neotropical, Palaearctic, Oriental.