@article {1948, title = {Wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Iran}, journal = {Zoology in the Middle East}, volume = {60}, year = {2014}, pages = {65-81}, chapter = {65}, abstract = {

Thirteen species in 8 genera of the subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)\ were collected in the north of Iran during 2010 and 2011. Of these, ten species are\ recorded for the first time for the Iranian fauna: Dendrosoter protuberans (Nees,\ 1834), Hecabolus sulcatus Curtis, 1834, Heterospilus tauricus Telenga, 1941, Leluthia\ asiatica (Tobias, 1980), Ontsira longicaudis (Giraud, 1857), Rhaconotus aciculatus\ Ruthe, 1857, R. scaber Kokujev, 1900, Spathius brevicaudis (Ratzeburg, 1844),\ S. curvicaudis Ratzeburg, 1844, and S. exarator (Linnaeus, 1758). A key to the genera\ and species and an updated checklist of Iranian Doryctinae are provided.

}, keywords = {Braconidae, distribution, Doryctinae, Iran, new records, taxonomy}, doi = {10.1080/09397140.2014.892341}, author = {S. Farahani and A.A. Talebi and E. Rakhshani} } @article {1934, title = {Phylogenomics and mitochondrial genome evolution of the gall-associated doryctine wasp genera (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)}, journal = {Systematics and Biodiversity}, volume = {17}, year = {2019}, pages = {731{\textendash}744}, chapter = {731}, abstract = {

The braconid subfamily Doryctinae is a cosmopolitan, highly diverse group of wasps mainly represented by parasitoid\ species. In this subfamily, however, there is a group of mainly Neotropical genera whose species are associated with\ galls of several vascular plant families. Previous molecular phylogenetic studies based on a few markers consistently\ recovered the monophyly of this group, though various relationships among genera and the monophyly of its most\ speciose genus, Allorhogas Gahan, remained unresolved. We characterized the mitogenomes of 13 representative species\ of the gall-associated doryctine clade and performed a phylogenomic analysis with both mitogenome and ultraconserved\ element (UCE) DNA sequence data to assess the classification of Doryctinae and to examine the evolution of\ phytophagy within the group. We found different patterns of tRNA gene rearrangements, two of which are present in\ most of the ingroup taxa. All phylogenetic analyses yielded highly similar, well-supported topologies that are congruent\ with relationships reported in previous studies. The resulting phylogenies confirmed Percnobracon as sister to the\ remaining genera and supported two separate clades whose genera are exclusively associated with Ficus (Moraceae).\ Allorhogas is confirmed to be polyphyletic. The combined evidence also supported a main Allorhogas clade composed\ of multiple phytophagous species that feed on at least five different host plant families. Further rearing records and\ phylogenetic studies are needed to examine host plant shifts and to broaden our understanding of a poorly studied\ radiation of gall-associated wasps.

}, keywords = {Ichneumonoidea, mitogenome, Neotropics, phylogenomics, phytophagy, ultraconserved elements}, doi = {10.1080/14772000.2019.1685608}, author = {E. Samaca-Saenz and R.N. Meza-Lazaro and M.G. Branstetter and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {1924, title = {A new species, Heterospilus magnastigmata sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Turkey}, journal = {Munis Entomology \& Zoology}, volume = {14}, year = {2019}, month = {01/2019}, pages = {36-41}, abstract = {

Heterospilus magnastigmata sp. nov. from Turkey is described and its important morphological diagnostic characters are illustrated. Its differences from the related species H. genalis Tobias were given. It is the first species of genus Heterospilus Haliday described in Turkey. However, the total number of Turkish Doryctinae species has reached to 63.

}, keywords = {Doryctinae, Heterospilus, new species, Turkey}, author = {Beyarslan, A.} } @article {1902, title = {Fourteen new species of Heterospilus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Braconidae: Doryctinae) from Brazil}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4144}, year = {2016}, pages = {316-334}, chapter = {316}, abstract = {

Fourteen new species of the genus Heterospilus Haliday found in semideciduous mesophilic forest areas at S\ão Paulo\ State, Brazil are described. They are: Heterospilus ayewai sp. n., H. caetetus sp. n., H. fernandesi sp. n., H. fiorelinii sp.\ n., H. granulosus sp. n., H. homalos sp. n., H. intervalesi sp. n., H. japi sp.n., H. meloi sp. n., H. mesopleuron sp. n., H.\ periotoi sp. n., H. riveroni sp. n., H. sormusi sp. n., and H. virginensis sp. n. Heterospilus species are characterized by\ the sculpturation of the vertex: granulate, striate, rugose, or smooth, without sculpturation. All specimens of Heterospilus\ in this study are in the species group with a smooth, unsculptured vertex.

}, keywords = {key, Neotropical region, new species, parasitoids, taxonomy}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4144.3.2}, author = {B.O. Chiletto and A.M. Penteado-Dias} } @mastersthesis {1885, title = {Taxonomia de Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) na Amaz{\^o}nia brasileira}, volume = {Master}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, school = {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia}, type = {PPG-ENT}, address = {Manaus, Brazil}, abstract = {

Braconidae has about 19,500 valid species, and Doryctinae is one of its most\ diverse subfamilies with over 1000 species in about 180 genera. However, the\ authors point out that the greater diversity of the group lies in the Neotropics,\ where there are about 70\% of the genera. In Brazil, have been recorded near 60\ genera, 32 for the Brazilian Amazon. However, these genera are known only by\ their type-localities, and their identification is so hardy due to the lack of keys for\ the region, and the ones that exist belongs to other regions and are outdated.\ Thus, the objective here was to conduct a taxonomic study of the Doryctinae\ genera occurring in the Brazilian Amazon. For its realization, mainly material from\ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\ônia (INPA) and Museu Paraense\ Em\ílio Goeldi (MPEG) were analyzed, besides other entomological collections of\ the Amazon region. The material was identified in part through the keys of Marsh\ (1997 and 2002) to the New World and Costa Rica, respectively and original\ descriptions. It was possible to analyze more than 900 specimens classified into\ 44 existing genera, beyond recognition of seven new genera and three new\ species, all here described. Barbalhoa Marsh, Curtiselloides Marsh, Pannuceus\ Marsh, Percnobracon Kieffer, Vanderentiellus Marsh and Bolivar Zald\ívar-River\ón \& Rodr\íguez-Jim\énez are new records for Brazil, while Aphelopsia\ Marsh, Neoheterospilus Belokobylskij, Panama Marsh and Ptesimogastroides\ Braet \& van Achterberg are news for the Brazilian Amazon region; besides 24\ genera had their records expanded within this region. The subfamily was\ recorded in almost all the states that comprise the Brazilian Amazon, except for\ Tocantins and Mato Grosso. The largest number of genera was found in\ Amazonas (44), followed by Par\á (23) and Roraima (20). It is suggested that\ further collection efforts should be concentrated on those states that had fewer\ genera registered (Rond\ônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Maranh\ão) and also\ have greater risk of loss of biodiversity due to deforestation. The taxonomic\ analysis suggests the existence of a possible synonymy of Johnsonius Marsh\ under Semirhytus Sz\épligeti, and Aphelopsia Marsh under Callihormius\ Ashmead. The Notiospathius Matthews \& Marsh and Allorhogas Gahan have a\ great diversity within the region and should be studied separately in the future,\ considering the possibility of discovering new species in the first, and a better\ definition of it limits in the second.

}, url = {http://w2.files.scire.net.br/atrio/inpa-ent_upl/THESIS/91/dissertao__siangadelha.pdf}, author = {S. de Souza Gadelha} } @article {1826, title = {First record from Costa Rica of the genus Caenophanes Foerster and description of a new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae)}, journal = {Journal of Hymenoptera Research}, volume = {38}, year = {2014}, month = {06/2014}, pages = {11-17}, abstract = {

The genus Caenophanes Foerster is distinguished from the genus Heterospilus Haliday and one new\ species is described from Costa Rica which is the first species of Caenophanes described from the\ Western Hemisphere

}, keywords = {Braconidae, Caenophanes, Costa Rica, Doryctinae, Parasitoid wasps, taxonomy}, doi = {10.3897/JHR.38.6544}, author = {P.M. Marsh} } @article {1822, title = {Systematics and evolution of gall formation in the plant-associated genera of the wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, year = {2014}, abstract = {
Gall formation is a specialised form of phytophagy that consists of abnormal growth of host plant tissue induced by other organisms, principally insects and mites. In the mainly parasitoid wasp subfamily Doryctinae, gall association, represented by gall inducers, inquilines and their parasitoids, is known for species of seven genera. Previous molecular studies recovered few species of six of these genera as monophyletic despite their disparate morphologies. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary relationships among 47 species belonging to six gall-associated doryctine genera based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene markers. Most of the Bayesian\ analyses, performed with different levels of incomplete taxa and characters, supported the monophyly of gall-associated doryctines, with Heterospilus (Heterospilini) as sister group. Percnobracon Kieffer and J\örgensen and Monitoriella Hedqvist were consistently recovered as monophyletic, and the validity of the monotypic Mononeuron was confirmed with respect to Allorhogas Gahan. A nonmonophyletic Allorhogas was recovered, although without significant support. The relationships obtained and the gathered morphological and biological information led us to erect three new genera originally assigned to Psenobolus:\ Ficobolus\ gen.n. (F. paniaguai sp.n. and F. jaliscoi sp.n.), Plesiopsenobolus gen.n. (Pl. mesoamericanus sp.n., Pl. plesiomorphus van\ Achterberg and Marsh comb.n., and Pl. tico sp.n.), and Sabinita gen.n. (S. mexicana\ sp.n.). The origin of the gall-associated doryctine clade was estimated to have occurred during the middle Miocene to early Oligocene, 16.33\–30.55 Ma. Our results support the origin of true gall induction in the Doryctinae from parasitoidism of other gall-forming insects. Moreover, adaptations to attack different gall-forming taxa on various unrelated plant families probably triggered species diversification in the main Allorhogas clade and may also have promoted the independent origin of gall formation on at least three plant groups. Species diversification in the remaining doryctine taxa was probably a result of host shifts within a particular plant taxon and shifts to different plant organs.
}, keywords = {age estimation, clade, gall, keys}, doi = {10.1111/syen.12078}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and J.J. Martinez and S.A. Belokobylskij and C. Pedraza-Lara and S.R. Shaw and P.E. Hanson and F. Varela-Hernandez} } @book {1770, title = {Braconidae 9. Doryctinae.}, series = {Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)}, volume = {13}, year = {1976}, pages = {1263-1424}, author = {Shenefelt, R.D. and P.M. Marsh} } @book {1769, title = {Les Braconides}, series = {Andr{\'e}, E. " Sp{\'e}cies des hym{\'e}nopt{\`e}res d{\textquoteright}Europe et d{\textquoteright}Alg{\'e}rie"}, volume = {4}, year = {1888}, pages = {609}, address = {Beaune (C{\^o}te d{\textquoteright}Or)}, author = {Marshall, T.A.} } @book {1764, title = {Die Ichneumonen der Forstinsekten in forstlicher und entomologischer Beziehung.}, volume = {2}, year = {1848}, pages = {238}, address = {Berlin}, author = {Ratzeburg, J.T.C.} } @article {1760, title = {Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, volume = {36}, year = {2011}, pages = {549-572}, abstract = {

This study examined subfamilial relationships within Braconidae, using\ 4 kb of sequence data for 139 taxa. Genetic sampling included previously used\ markers for phylogenetic studies of Braconidae (28S and 18S rDNA) as well as new\ nuclear protein-coding genes (CAD and ACC). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian\ inference of the concatenated dataset recovered a robust phylogeny, particularly for\ early divergences within the family. This study focused primarily on non-cyclostome\ subfamilies, but the monophyly of the cyclostome complex was strongly supported.\ There was evidence supporting an independent clade, termed the aphidioid complex,\ as sister to the cyclostome complex of subfamilies. Maxfischeria was removed from\ Helconinae and placed within its own subfamily within the aphidioid complex.\ Most relationships within the cyclostome complex were poorly supported, probably\ because of lower taxonomic sampling within this group. Similar to other studies,\ there was strong support for the alysioid subcomplex containing Gnamptodontinae,\ Alysiinae, Opiinae and Exothecinae. Cenocoeliinae was recovered as sister to all\ other subfamilies within the euphoroid complex. Planitorus and Mannokeraia,\ previously placed in Betylobraconinae and Masoninae, respectively, were moved to\ the Euphorinae, and may share a close affiliation with Neoneurinae. Neoneurinae and\ Ecnomiinae were placed as tribes within Euphorinae. A sister relationship between\ the microgastroid and sigalphoid complexes was also recovered. The helconoid\ complex included a well-supported lineage that is parasitic on lepidopteran larvae\ (macrocentroid subcomplex). Helconini was raised to subfamily status, and was\ recovered as sister to the macrocentroid subcomplex. Blacinae was demoted to tribal\ status and placed within the newly circumscribed subfamily Brachistinae, which also\ contains the tribes Diospilini, Brulleiini and Brachistini, all formerly in Helconinae.

}, author = {B.J. Sharanowski and A.P.G. Dowling and M.J. Sharkey} } @article {1598, title = {Biology and systematics of New World Heterospilus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) attacking Pemphredoninae (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).}, journal = {Journal of Hymenoptera Research}, volume = {8(1)}, year = {1999}, pages = {13-22}, author = {P.M. Marsh and Melo, G.A.R.} } @article {1601, title = {The Nearctic Doryctinae I. A review of the subfamily with a taxonomic revision of the tribe Hecabolini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).}, journal = {Annals of the Entomological Society of America}, volume = {58}, year = {1965}, pages = {668-699}, keywords = {keys}, author = {P.M. Marsh} } @article {1611, title = {New synonyms and new combinations in North American Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).}, journal = {Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences}, volume = {63(2)}, year = {1973}, pages = {69-72}, abstract = {

New specific and generic synonyms are listed along with the resulting new name combinations for several groups of North American Doryctinae.

}, author = {P.M. Marsh} } @article {1613, title = {Descriptions of two new species of Heterospilus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from South America.}, journal = {Boletin de Entomologia Venezolana}, volume = {2(6)}, year = {1982}, pages = {57-60}, author = {P.M. Marsh} } @article {1614, title = {Two new species of Heterospilus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Mexico being introduced against the cotton boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).}, journal = {Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington}, volume = {84(4)}, year = {1982}, pages = {849-854}, author = {P.M. Marsh} } @article {1456, title = {A new genus and species of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from Lithuania.}, journal = {Entomologicheskoye Obozreniye}, volume = {47(4)}, year = {1968}, pages = {904}, author = {A.B. Jakimavicius} } @article {1380, title = {Essay on parasitic Hymenoptera.}, journal = {Entomological Magazine}, volume = {4}, year = {1836}, pages = {38-59}, author = {Haliday, A.H.} } @article {1294, title = {Taxonomische Untersuchung der Gattungen Harpagolaccus Enderlein, Rhaconotinus Hedqvist und Doryctosoma Picard und ihre Einordnung in das System der Doryctini (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae).}, journal = {Verhandlungen der Zoologisch Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien}, volume = {121}, year = {1983}, pages = {83-94}, author = {M. Fischer} } @article {1250, title = {Zur Kenntnis aussereuropaischer Braconiden.}, journal = {Archiv fur Naturgeschichte}, volume = {84(A)}, year = {1920}, pages = {51-224}, author = {Enderlein, G.} } @article {1267, title = {Revision der palaarktischen Arten der Gattung Heterospilus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Braconidae).}, journal = {Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne}, volume = {30}, year = {1960}, pages = {33-64}, author = {M. Fischer} } @article {1102, title = {A new species of Heterospilus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associated with the deathwatch beetle, Hemicoelus gibbicollis (LeConte) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae).}, journal = {Pan-Pacific Entomologist}, volume = {78(1)}, year = {2002}, pages = {7-16}, author = {Cabrera, B.J. and P.M. Marsh and Lewis, V.R. and Seybold, S.J.} } @article {1109, title = {New Hymenoptera, mostly from Nicaragua.}, journal = {Invertebrata Pacifica}, volume = {1}, year = {1905}, pages = {46-69}, author = {Cameron, P.} } @article {1021, title = {Systematics, distribution and diversity of the Australasian doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae).}, journal = {Records of the South Australian Museum Monograph Series}, volume = {8}, year = {2004}, pages = {1-150}, author = {S.A. Belokobylskij and Iqbal, M. and Austin, A.D.} } @article {1025, title = {Phylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on morphological evidence.}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {142}, year = {2004}, pages = {369-404}, abstract = {

The evolutionary relationships among most (143 genera) of the currently recognized genera of the braconid wasp subfamily Doryctinae were investigated using maximum parsimony analysis, employing 100 characters from external morphology and four additional, less well-studied character systems (male genitalia, ovipositor structure, venom apparatus and larval cephalic structure). We investigated the \‘performance\’ of characters from external morphology and the other character systems and the effects of abundant missing entries by comparing the data decisiveness, retention and consistency indices of four different character partitions. The results indicate that the performances of the different partitions are not related to the proportions of missing entries, but instead are negatively correlated to their proportion of informative characters, suggesting that the morphological information in this group is subject to high levels of homoplasy. The external morphological partition is significantly incongruent with respect to a data set comprising the other character systems based on the ILD test. Analyses supported neither the monophyly of the large tribes Doryctini and Hecabolini, nor the monophyly of the Spathiini and Heterospilini. Relationships obtained from successive approximation weighting analysis for the complete data differ considerably from the currently accepted tribal and subtribal classifications. The only exceptions were the Ypsistocerini and the Ecphylini, whose recognized members were recovered in single clades. A close relationship between the Binaerini and Holcobraconini, and also Monarea, is consistently supported by venom apparatus and ovipositor structure characters but is not indicated by external morphological data. Low bootstrap values obtained for most of the recovered clades in all analyses do not allow us to propose a meaningful reclassification for the group at this time. A complete list of the recognized genera and their synonymies is given.

}, keywords = {classification, consistency index, data decisiveness, insect, retention index, systematics}, author = {S.A. Belokobylskij and A. Zaldivar-Riveron and D.L.J. Quicke} } @article {1011, title = {Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Ogasawara Islands (Japan).}, journal = {Annales Zoologici Warsaw}, volume = {58}, year = {2008}, month = {03/2008}, pages = {125-166}, abstract = {

The diversity of the braconide wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae from Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, Japan, is studied. Twelve new species are described from these islands:\ Doryctes\ (Doryctes)\ boninussp. nov.,\ D.\ (Neodoryctes)\ makiharaisp. nov.,Heterospilus micronesianussp. nov.,\ H. nishijimussp. nov.,H. pacificolasp. nov.,\ H. striatiscutumsp. nov.,\ H. watanabeisp. nov.,\ Ecphylus\ (Sactopus)\ hahajimussp. nov.,\ Spathius asanderoidessp. nov.,\ S. chichijimussp. nov.,\ S. ogasawarussp. nov., and\ S. sugiuraisp. nov.\ Three species,\ Rhoptrocentrus piceus\ Marshall, 1897,\ Ontsira palliata\ (Cameron, 1881) and\ Heterospilus rubrocinctus\ (Ashmead, 1905), are firstly recorded for this territory. A key for determination of the all doryctine taxa of the Ogasawara Islands is given.

}, keywords = {Braconidae, Doryctinae, Hymenoptera, Japan, new records, new taxa, Ogasawara Islands}, doi = {10.3161/000345408783897789}, author = {S.A. Belokobylskij and K. Maeto} } @article {933, title = {DNA barcoding a highly diverse group of parasitoid wasps (Braconidae: Doryctinae) from a Mexican nature reserve.}, journal = {Mitochondrial DNA}, volume = {21}, year = {2010}, pages = {18-23}, abstract = {

Background and aims. The preliminary results of a DNA barcoding study of the doryctine fauna of parasitoid wasps from the Chamela\–Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, a region dominated by tropical dry forest, are presented. So far, three field trips have been carried out to the reserve and 468 specimens have been collected, of which 407 cox1 sequences were obtained.
Materials and methods. The general mixed Yule-coalescent model was applied to a phylogram to investigate the number of evolutionary units that can be detected from the DNA sequence data examined.
Results. A total of 185 barcoding species assigned to 20 identified doryctine genera were discriminated using the above model, 115 of which belong to the speciose genus Heterospilus, pointing out the extraordinary species richness of this subfamily of insects in a Mexican tropical dry forest.
Conclusion. On the basis of the DNA barcodes generated, Ptesimogastroides Braet \& van Achterberg is proposed to be a junior synonym of Ptesimogaster Marsh syn. nov. Neoheterospilus was also found deeply nested within a large Heterospilus clade, suggesting the paraphyly of the latter genus.

}, keywords = {Braconidae, cox1, DNA barcoding, Doryctinae, Hymenoptera, tropical dry forest}, issn = {1940-1736}, doi = {10.3109/19401736.2010.523701}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and J.J. Martinez and Ceccarelli, F.S. and V.S. De Jesus-Bonilla and Rodriguez-Perez, A.C. and Resendiz-Flores, A. and Smith, M.A.} } @article {600, title = {A new species of Heterospilus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from China.}, journal = {Entomological Journal of East China}, volume = {11(2)}, year = {2002}, pages = {3-5}, author = {Shi, Q.X. and Yang, J.Q. and J.H. Chen} } @article {350, title = {New braconid parasites of Australian wood-boring beetles with notes on the subfamily Hecabolinae (Hym., Braconidae).}, journal = {Bulletin of Entomological Research}, volume = {34(4)}, year = {1943}, pages = {257-267}, author = {Nixon, G.E.J.} } @article {61, title = {The genus Caenophanes Foerster, 1862 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) in the Western Palaeractic}, journal = {Annales zoologici (Warszawa)}, volume = {61}, year = {2011}, pages = {773-787}, abstract = {

The Western Palaearctic species of the genus Caenophanes Foerster are\ reviewed. A new species from the Canary Islands, C. lapalmaensis sp. nov., is described.\ The name C. rugosifrons (Picard) is restored from synonymy (stat. resurr.). The\ redescriptions of C. incompletus (Ratzeburg) and C. rugosifrons are given. A key to the\ Western Palaearctic species of Caenophanes is suggested.

}, issn = {0003-4541}, doi = {10.3161/000345411X622589}, author = {S.A. Belokobylskij and J.V. Falco and Jimenez-Peydro, R.} } @article {43, title = {Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematic}, volume = {22}, year = {2008}, pages = {345-363}, abstract = {

The phylogenetic relationships among representatives of 64 genera of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae were investigated based on nuclear 28S ribosomal (r) DNA (~650 bp of the D2\–3 region) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial (mt) DNA (603 bp) sequence data. The molecular dating of selected clades and the biogeography of the subfamily were also inferred. The partitioned Bayesian analyses did not recover a monophyletic Doryctinae, though the relationships involved were only weakly supported. Strong evidence was found for rejecting the monophylies of both Doryctes Haliday, 1836 and Spathius Nees, 1818. Our results also support the recognition of the Rhaconotini as a valid tribe. A dispersal\–vicariance analysis showed a strong geographical signal for the taxa included, with molecular dating estimates for the origin of Doryctinae and its subsequent radiation both occurring during the late Paleocene\–early Eocene. The divergence time estimates suggest that diversification in the subfamily could have in part occurred as a result of continental break-up events that took place in the southern hemisphere, though more recent dispersal events account for the current distribution of several widespread taxa.

}, keywords = {28S, COI}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and S.A. Belokobylskij and Leon-Regagnon, V. and R.G. Brice{\~n}o and D.L.J. Quicke} } @book {40, title = {The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus)}, series = {Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute}, volume = {70}, year = {2002}, pages = {319}, publisher = {American Entomological Institute}, organization = {American Entomological Institute}, address = {Gainsville, Fl.}, abstract = {

A comprehensive taxonomic study is presented for the 63 genera and 172 species of braconid wasp subfamily Doryctine\ occurring in Costa Rica. Of these, 12 genera and 119 species are described as new to science. The speciose genus\ Heterospilus\ is excluded from this study. Keys for identification of the genera and species are provided and each genus and species is described and illustrated. Several genera previously describe from South America or other parts of Central America are recorded for the first time from Costa Rica. One new synonymy is proposed: the genus\ Achterbergia\ Marsh is considered a junior synonym of the genus\ Aivalykus\ Nixon (n.syn.). Two new combinations are proposed:\ Achterbergia\ arawak\ Marsh is transferred\ to\ Aivalykus\ (n. comb.);\ Platydoryctesamazonensis\ Barbalho\ and\ Penteado-Dias\ is transferred to the new genus\ Angelica\ (n.comb.). Very little is known about the biology of doryctine wasps,but where host records are available most species appear to be idiobiont ectoparasitoids of wood boring beetle larvae. However, three genera in Costa Rica depart remarkably from this biology: several species of\ Allorhogas\ and\ Labania\ have been reared from leaf and seed galls on various plant, and species of\ Psenobolus\ develop as inquilines in figs. A checklist of the Costa Rican Doryctinae is provided. A Spanish translation of the key to genera is included as an appendix.

}, issn = {1887988149}, author = {P.M. Marsh} } @article {27, title = {Neoheterospilus gen. n., a new genus of the tribe Heterospilini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae) with highly modified ovipositor and a worldwide distribution}, journal = {Insect systematics \& evolution}, volume = {37}, year = {2006}, month = {03/2006}, pages = {149-178}, abstract = {

A new genus Neoheterospilus gen. n. with an almost worldwide distribution and two subgenera (Neoheterospilus s. str. and Harpoheterospilus subgen. n.) are described. Seven new species of this genus are described and illustrated: N. africanus sp. n. (S. Africa); N. australicus sp. n. (Australia, Queensland), N. canberraensis sp. n. (Australia, ACT), N. cardaleae sp. n. (Australia, Queensland), N. insularis sp. n. (Christmas Islands), N. koreanus sp. n. (S. Korea; type species), N. subtropicalis sp. n. (Vietnam, S. China, Japan). New combinations of species originally described in the genus Heterospilus are given: N. coffeicola (Schmiedeknecht), comb. n. (Uganda, Tanzania; Brazil, Indonesia), N. curvicaudis (Belokobylskij), comb. n. (Vietnam), N. falcatus (Marsh), comb. n. (Venezuela). A new synonym is suggested: Pioscelus Muesebeck and Walkley, 1951 = Amazondoryctes Barbalhoa and Penteado-Dias, 1999, syn. n. Reduction of the first radiomedial vein of fore wing in the subfamily Doryctinae is surveyed.

}, doi = {10.1163/187631206788831119}, author = {S.A. Belokobylskij} } @article {19, title = {The Doryctinae (Braconidae) of Costa Rica: genera and species of the tribe Heterospilini}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {347}, year = {2013}, month = {11/2013}, pages = {1-474}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

A comprehensive taxonomic study is presented for the four genera and 286 species of the doryctine tribe Heterospilini occurring in Costa Rica. The tribe is represented almost entirely by the 280 species of the genus\ HeterospilusHaliday. Keys for identification of the genera and species are provided and the genera and species are described and illustrated. An interactive key to the species of\ Heterospilus\ also was prepared using Lucid Builder. The following new genus and species are described from Costa Rica:Paraheterospilusgen. n.,\ P. ceciliaensissp. n.,\ P. eumekussp. n.,\ P. wilbotgardussp. n.,\ Heterospilus achisp. n.,\ H. achterbergisp. n.,\ H. aesculapiussp. n.,\ H. agujassp. n.,\ H. agujasensis\ sp. n.,\ H. alajuelus\ sp. n.,\ H. albocoxalis\ sp. n.,\ H. alejandroi\ sp. n.,\ H. amuzgo\ sp. n.,\ H. angelicae\ sp. n.,\ H. angustus\ sp. n.,\ H. aphrodite\ sp. n.,\ H. apollo\ sp. n.,H. arawak\ sp. n.,\ H. areolatus\ sp. n.,\ H. artemis\ sp. n.,\ H. athena\ sp. n.,H. attraholucus\ sp. n.,\ H. aubreyae\ sp. n.,\ H. austini\ sp. n.,\ H. azofeifaisp. n.,\ H. bacchus\ sp. n.,\ H. barbalhoae\ sp. n.,\ H. bennetti\ sp. n.,\ H. bicolor\ sp. n.,\ H. boharti\ sp. n.,\ H. borucas\ sp. n.,\ H. braeti\ sp. n.,\ H. brethesi\ sp. n.,\ H. breviarius\ sp. n.,\ H. brevicornus\ sp. n.,\ H. bribri\ sp. n.,H. brullei\ sp. n.,\ H. bruesi\ sp. n.,\ H. cabecares\ sp. n.,\ H. cacaoensis\ sp. n.,\ H. cachiensis\ sp. n.,\ H. cameroni\ sp. n.,\ H. cangrejaensis\ sp. n.,\ H. careonotaulus\ sp. n.,\ H. caritus\ sp. n.,\ H. carolinae\ sp. n.,\ H. cartagoensissp. n.,\ H. catiensis\ sp. n.,\ H. catorce\ sp. n.,\ H. cero\ sp. n.,\ H. chaoi\ sp. n.,\ H. chilamatensis\ sp. n.,\ H. chocho\ sp. n.,\ H. chorotegus\ sp. n.,\ H. chorti\ sp. n.,\ H. cinco\ sp. n.,\ H. cocopa\ sp. n.,\ H. colliletus\ sp. n.,\ H. colonensis\ sp. n.,\ H. complanatus\ sp. n.,\ H. conservatus\ sp. n.,\ H. corasp. n.,\ H. corcovado\ sp. n.,\ H. corrugatus\ sp. n.,\ H. costaricensis\ sp. n.,H. cressoni\ sp. n.,\ H. cuatro\ sp. n.,\ H. curtisi\ sp. n.,\ H. cushmani\ sp. n.,\ H. dani\ sp. n.,\ H. demeter\ sp. n.,\ H. dianae\ sp. n.,\ H. diecinueve\ sp. n.,\ H. dieciocho\ sp. n.,\ H. dieciseis\ sp. n.,\ H. diecisiete\ sp. n.,\ H. diez\ sp. n.,\ H. doce\ sp. n.,\ H. dos\ sp. n.,\ H. dulcus\ sp. n.,\ H. eberhardi\ sp. n.,\ H. ektorincon\ sp. n.,\ H. emilius\ sp. n.,\ H. empalmensis\ sp. n.,\ H. enderleini\ sp. n.,\ H. escazuensis\ sp. n.,\ H. fahringeri\ sp. n.,\ H. fischeri\ sp. n.,\ H. flavidussp. n.,\ H. flavisoma\ sp. n.,\ H. flavostigmus\ sp. n.,\ H. foersteri\ sp. n.,\ H. fonsecai\ sp. n.,\ H. fournieri\ sp. n.,\ H. gahani\ sp. n.,\ H. garifuna\ sp. n.,\ H. gauldi\ sp. n.,\ H. golfodulcensis\ sp. n.,\ H. gouleti\ sp. n.,\ H. granulatus\ sp. n.,\ H. grisselli\ sp. n.,\ H. guanacastensis\ sp. n.,\ H. guapilensis\ sp. n.,\ H. hachaensis\ sp. n.,\ H. halidayi\ sp. n.,\ H. hansoni\ sp. n.,\ H. hansonorum\ sp. n.,\ H. haplocarinus\ sp. n.,\ H. hedqvisti\ sp. n.,\ H. hera\ sp. n.,\ H. herediussp. n.,\ H. hespenheidei\ sp. n.,\ H. holleyae\ sp. n.,\ H. huddlestoni\ sp. n.,\ H. huetares\ sp. n.,\ H. hypermekus\ sp. n.,\ H. itza\ sp. n.,\ H. ixcatec\ sp. n.,\ H. ixil\ sp. n.,\ H. jabillosensis\ sp. n.,\ H. jakaltek\ sp. n.,\ H. janzeni\ sp. n.,\ H. jennieae\ sp. n.,\ H. jonmarshi\ sp. n.,\ H. jupiter\ sp. n.,\ H. kellieae\ sp. n.,\ H. kiefferi\ sp. n.,\ H. kikapu\ sp. n.,\ H. kulai\ sp. n.,\ H. kuna\ sp. n.,\ H. lapierreisp. n.,\ H. lasalturus\ sp. n.,\ H. laselvus\ sp. n.,\ H. leenderti\ sp. n.,\ H. leioenopus\ sp. n.,\ H. leiponotaulus\ sp. n.,\ H. lenca\ sp. n.,\ H. levis\ sp. n.,H. leviscutum\ sp. n.,\ H. levitergum\ sp. n.,\ H. limonensis\ sp. n.,\ H. longinoisp. n.,\ H. longisulcus\ sp. n.,\ H. longius\ sp. n.,\ H. luteogaster\ sp. n.,\ H. luteoscutum\ sp. n.,\ H. luteus\ sp. n.,\ H. macrocarinus\ sp. n.,\ H. macrocaudatus\ sp. n.,\ H. magnus\ sp. n.,\ H. malaisei\ sp. n.,\ H. mam\ sp. n.,H. maritzaensis\ sp. n.,\ H. mars\ sp. n.,\ H. masneri\ sp. n.,\ H. masoni\ sp. n.,H. mellosus\ sp. n.,\ H. menkei\ sp. n.,\ H. mercury\ sp. n.,\ H. milleri\ sp. n.,\ H. miskito\ sp. n.,\ H. mixtec\ sp. n.,\ H. monteverde\ sp. n.,\ H. mopanmaya\ sp. n.,\ H. muertensis\ sp. n.,\ H. muesebecki\ sp. n.,\ H. nahua\ sp. n.,\ H. neesisp. n.,\ H. nemestrinus\ sp. n.,\ H. nephilim\ sp. n.,\ H. nephus\ sp. n.,\ H. nigracapitus\ sp. n.,\ H. nigragonatus\ sp. n.,\ H. nigricoxus\ sp. n.,\ H. nixonisp. n.,\ H. noyesi\ sp. n.,\ H. nueve\ sp. n.,\ H. nunesi\ sp. n.,\ H. once\ sp. n.,H. orbitus\ sp. n.,\ H. orosi\ sp. n.,\ H. paloverde\ sp. n.,\ H. pappi\ sp. n.,\ H. parkeri\ sp. n.,\ H. parvus\ sp. n.,\ H. pech\ sp. n.,\ H. penosa\ sp. n.,\ H. petiolatus\ sp. n.,\ H. petralbus\ sp. n.,\ H. phaeocoxus\ sp. n.,\ H. phaeoskelus\ sp. n.,\ H. pharkidodus\ sp. n.,\ H. phytorius\ sp. n.,\ H. pitillaensis\ sp. n.,\ H. poqomchi\ sp. n.,\ H. poqomom\ sp. n.,\ H. puertoviejoensis\ sp. n.,\ H. puntarensis\ sp. n.,\ H. qanjobal\ sp. n.,\ H. quickei\ sp. n.,\ H. quitirrisi\ sp. n.,\ H. racostica\ sp. n.,\ H. rama\ sp. n.,\ H. ramirezi\ sp. n.,\ H. ratzeburgi\ sp. n.,\ H. reagani\ sp. n.,\ H. reinhardi\ sp. n.,H. retheospilus\ sp. n.,\ H. rhabdotus\ sp. n.,\ H. ricacosta\ sp. n.,\ H. rinconensis\ sp. n.,\ H. robbieae\ sp. n.,\ H. rohweri\ sp. n.,\ H. rojasi\ sp. n.,\ H. romani\ sp. n.,\ H. rugosus\ sp. n.,\ H. sabrinae\ sp. n.,\ H. saminae\ sp. n.,\ H. sanjosensis\ sp. n.,\ H. santarosensis\ sp. n.,\ H. sanvitoensis\ sp. n.,\ H. saturn\ sp. n.,\ H. seis\ sp. n.,\ H. sergeyisp. n.,\ H. sharkeyi\ sp. n.,\ H. shawisp. n.,\ H. shenefelti\ sp. n.,\ H. shonan\ sp. n.,\ H. siete\ sp. n.,\ H. similis\ sp. n.,\ H. sinuatus\ sp. n.,\ H. smithi\ sp. n.,\ H. spiloheterus\ sp. n.,\ H. staryi\ sp. n.,\ H. stelfoxi\ sp. n.,\ H. strazanaci\ sp. n.,\ H. sumo\ sp. n.,\ H. szepligeti\ sp. n.,\ H. terrabas\ sp. n.,\ H. thereospilus\ sp. n.,\ H. tobiasi\ sp. n.,\ H. tolupansp. n.,\ H. townesi\ sp. n.,\ H. trece\ sp. n.,\ H. tres\ sp. n.,\ H. tricolor\ sp. n.,H. trienta\ sp. n.,\ H. tuberculatus\ sp. n.,\ H. turrialbaensis\ sp. n.,\ H. tzutujilsp. n.,\ H. ugaldei\ sp. n.,\ H. uno\ sp. n.,\ H. variabilis\ sp. n.,\ H. veinte\ sp. n.,\ H. veintidos\ sp. n.,\ H. veintitres\ sp. n.,\ H. veintiuno\ sp. n.,\ H. viereckisp. n.,\ H. villegasi\ sp. n.,\ H. vittatus\ sp. n.,\ H. vulcanus\ sp. n.,\ H. wahlisp. n.,\ H. warreni\ sp. n.,\ H. washingtoni\ sp. n.,\ H. wesmaeli\ sp. n.,\ H. whartoni\ sp. n.,\ H. whitfieldi\ sp. n.,\ H. wildi\ sp. n.,\ H. wilkinsoni\ sp. n.,\ H. wrightae\ sp. n.,\ H. xanthus\ sp. n.,\ H. xerxes\ sp. n.,\ H. xinca\ sp. n.,\ H. yaqui\ sp. n.,\ H. ypsilon\ sp. n.,\ H. zapotec\ sp. n.,\ H. zeus\ sp. n.,\ H. zitaniae\ sp. n.,\ H. zoque\ sp. n.,\ H. zunigai\ sp. n.,\ H. zurquiensis\ sp. n.\ One new combination is proposed,\ Pioscelus costaricensis\ (Marsh)\ comb. n.\ 

}, keywords = {Braconidae, Costa Rica, Doryctinae, Heterospilini, Heterospilus, parasitoid}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.347.6002}, author = {P.M. Marsh and Wild, A.L. and J.B. Whitfield} }