02328nas a2200205 4500008004100000245020500041210006900246520154800315653001401863653001401877653002401891653002401915100002501939700002401964700002201988700002102010700002102031700001902052856005102071 2017 eng d00aSpecies delimitation, global phylogeny and historical biogeography of the parasitoid wasp genus Spathius (Braconidae: Doryctinae) reveal multiple Oligocene– Miocene intercontinental dispersal events0 aSpecies delimitation global phylogeny and historical biogeograph3 a

Phylogenetic studies of globally distributed taxa are crucial to estimate the mode and tempo of common intercontinental biogeographic processes. However, few of these studies have focused on invertebrates, mainly because their taxonomy and species richness generally are highly neglected. Here we performed a morphological and mtDNA sequence-based species delineation analysis for 111 specimens of the cosmopolitan, speciose parasitoid wasp genus Spathius (Braconidae) and assessed its phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography adding two nuclear markers. Seventy-one species of Spathius were delimited. Neither the monophyly of Spathiini, Spathius, nor its species groups were recovered. Based on the relaxed molecular clock and ancestral area reconstruction analyses, the Oriental appears as the most plausible region of origin for Spathius, whereas various intercontinental dispersal events probably played an important role in its species diversification. At least three and two dispersal events from the Oriental to the Ethiopian and Australian regions, respectively, were estimated to occur during the late Oligocene to mid-Miocene, c. 25–15 Mya. Dispersal to the Palaearctic and Nearctic from the Ethiopian region probably occurred during the early Miocene, c. 20 Mya. Our results overall reflect that the worldwide distribution of Spathius was acquired early in the evolutionary history of the lineage.

10aCOI mtDNA10adispersal10amolecular phylogeny10aSpecies delineation1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aMeza-Lazaro, R.N.1 aPedraza-Lara, C.1 aGarcia-Paris, M.1 aMeseguer, A.S. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/194001858nas a2200229 4500008004100000245011000041210006900151300001200220490000800232520114900240653001501389653001901404653003101423653000901454653001601463653001301479100001901492700002001511700002101531700002501552856005101577 2016 eng d00aSergey gen. n., a new doryctine genus from temperate forests of Mexico and Cuba (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)0 aSergey gen n a new doryctine genus from temperate forests of Mex a143-1640 v5893 a

The new doryctine genus Sergey gen. n. is described with four new species (S. cubaensis Zaldívar-Riverón & Martínez, sp. n., S. coahuilensis Zaldívar-Riverón & Martínez, sp. n., S. tzeltal Martínez & Zalídivar-Riverón, sp. n., S. tzotzil Martínez & Zalídivar-Riverón, sp. n.) from temperate forests of Mexico and Cuba. Similar to many other doryctine taxa, the new genus has a considerably elongated, petiolate basal sternal plate of the first metasomal tergite, although it can be distinguished from these by having the mesoscutum sharply declivous anteriorly with sharp anterolateral edges. The described species have been characterised molecularly based on two mitochondrial (COI, cyt b) and one nuclear (28S) gene markers. Based on the mitochondrial gene genealogies reconstructed, the evidence suggests the existence of incomplete lineage sorting or hybridization in the populations from Chiapas and Oaxaca assigned to S. tzeltal sp. n.

10aDoryctinae10aIchneumonoidea10aincomplete lineage sorting10akeys10anew species10ataxonomy1 aMartinez, J.J.1 aLázaro, R.N.M.1 aPedraza-Lara, C.1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/190602386nas a2200229 4500008004100000245012900041210006900170260001200239300001400251490000700265520165200272653001501924653001901939653001201958653001601970100002501986700002802011700002002039700002102059700002502080856005102105 2013 eng d00aPhylogenetic relationships and description of Bolivar, a new genus of Neotropical doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)0 aPhylogenetic relationships and description of Bolivar a new genu c12/2013 a673–6880 v273 a

Metasomal elongation is a common feature in species of various parasitoid Hymenoptera, probably due to adaptive morphological convergence to similar parasitoid strategies. The braconid subfamily Doryctinae is perhaps where this feature has evolved the most times independently. Here we recognise a new Neotropical doryctine wasp genus with a petiolate first metasomal tergum, based on molecular and morphological analysis. The phylogenetic affinities of the new genus within Doryctinae and the relationships among six of its described and three potentially cryptic, undescribed species were reconstructed using sequence data from three genes, wingless, 28SrDNA and COI. The new genus is resolved in a clade together with Semirhytus Szépligeti, Johnsonius Marsh and Parallorhogas Marsh. These four genera share vein m-cu of the hind wing slightly curved distally and the propodeum with a distinct lateral and median longitudinal carina and an apical areola. The relationships recovered among the examined species suggest a South American origin for the new genus and its subsequent diversification into Central America and Mexico. Described as Bolivar, gen. nov., this new taxon comprises eight species, two species previously placed within Notiospathius Matthews & Marsh, B. ornaticornis (Cameron), comb. nov., and B. bribri (Marsh), comb. nov., and six new species (B. ecuadorensis, sp. nov., B. helmuthi, sp. nov., B. pittieri, sp. nov., B. risaraldae, sp. nov., B. teres, sp. nov. and B. tuxtlae, sp. nov.).

10aDoryctinae10aIchneumonoidea10aInsecta10anew species1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aRodríguez-Jiménez, A.1 aSarmiento, C.E.1 aPedraza-Lara, C.1 aLópez-Estrada, E.K. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/188303170nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013800041210006900179520246000248653001902708653001002727653000902737653000902746100002502755700001902780700002402799700002102823700001502844700001702859700002502876856005102901 2014 eng d00aSystematics and evolution of gall formation in the plant-associated genera of the wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)0 aSystematics and evolution of gall formation in the plantassociat3 a
Gall formation is a specialised form of phytophagy that consists of abnormal growth of host plant tissue induced by other organisms, principally insects and mites. In the mainly parasitoid wasp subfamily Doryctinae, gall association, represented by gall inducers, inquilines and their parasitoids, is known for species of seven genera. Previous molecular studies recovered few species of six of these genera as monophyletic despite their disparate morphologies. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary relationships among 47 species belonging to six gall-associated doryctine genera based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene markers. Most of the Bayesian analyses, performed with different levels of incomplete taxa and characters, supported the monophyly of gall-associated doryctines, with Heterospilus (Heterospilini) as sister group. Percnobracon Kieffer and Jörgensen and Monitoriella Hedqvist were consistently recovered as monophyletic, and the validity of the monotypic Mononeuron was confirmed with respect to Allorhogas Gahan. A nonmonophyletic Allorhogas was recovered, although without significant support. The relationships obtained and the gathered morphological and biological information led us to erect three new genera originally assigned to PsenobolusFicobolus gen.n. (F. paniaguai sp.n. and F. jaliscoi sp.n.), Plesiopsenobolus gen.n. (Pl. mesoamericanus sp.n., Pl. plesiomorphus van Achterberg and Marsh comb.n., and Pl. tico sp.n.), and Sabinita gen.n. (S. mexicana sp.n.). The origin of the gall-associated doryctine clade was estimated to have occurred during the middle Miocene to early Oligocene, 16.33–30.55 Ma. Our results support the origin of true gall induction in the Doryctinae from parasitoidism of other gall-forming insects. Moreover, adaptations to attack different gall-forming taxa on various unrelated plant families probably triggered species diversification in the main Allorhogas clade and may also have promoted the independent origin of gall formation on at least three plant groups. Species diversification in the remaining doryctine taxa was probably a result of host shifts within a particular plant taxon and shifts to different plant organs.
10aage estimation10aclade10agall10akeys1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aMartinez, J.J.1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aPedraza-Lara, C.1 aShaw, S.R.1 aHanson, P.E.1 aVarela-Hernandez, F. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/1822