02833nas a2200253 4500008004100000245009200041210006900133300001200202490000700214520209800221653001802319653001602337653001702353653000802370653001402378653001402392653001402406653001902420100002102439700002402460700001902484700002502503856005102528 2016 eng d00aSystematics of the Neotropical braconid wasps of the Pedinotus genus group (Doryctinae)0 aSystematics of the Neotropical braconid wasps of the Pedinotus g a481-4910 v413 a

The braconid subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera) is a cosmopolitan, species-rich group of parasitoid wasps whose known species richness and morphological diversity is mainly concentrated in the Neotropical region. Among the doryctine taxa that are endemic to this region, there is a group of six genera (the Pedinotus genus group) that are mainly characterized by having lateral, posteriorly converging or subparallel grooves on the second metasomal tergite (including Gymnobracon Szépligeti, Hybodoryctes Szépligeti, Lamquetia Braet et van Achterberg, Osmophila Szépligeti, Pedinotus Szépligeti and Trigonophasmus Enderlein). Most of these genera were described more than a century ago, and thus their limits and diagnostic morphological features are not well defined. We present an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships among various representative species of five of the six genera belonging to the Pedinotus genus group based on one mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) and two nuclear (28S, Wingless) gene markers. We also estimated the timing of origin and diversification within the group and investigated the external morphology of the genera involved in order to determine reliable identification characters. The group as a whole, whilst being recovered as monophyletic with the inclusion of Acanthorhogas Szépligeti, was not statistically supported. However, the respective monophyly of all of the morphologically supported genera are confirmed, as are the intergeneric relationships (Gymnobracon, Trigonophasmus) ((Acanthorhogas, Osmophila) (Lamquetia, Pedinotus)). We propose that the pattern of sublateral grooves or depressions appears to be a useful systematic character for recognition of an endemic Neotropical radiation that could have originated c. 41–27 Ma. We redescribe six of the seven genera that we recognize for the Pedinotus genus group and provide a key to enable their identification.

10aAcanthorhogas10aGymnobracon10ahybodoryctes10akey10aLamquetia10aOsmophila10aPedinotus10aTrigonophasmus1 aSamaca-Saenz, E.1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aQuicke, D.L.J.1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/190102729nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172300001200241490000800253520202000261653002002281653002202301653002202323653001102345653002002356653001602376100002402392700002502416700001902441856005102460 2004 eng d00aPhylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on morphological evidence.0 aPhylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Dorycti a369-4040 v1423 a

The evolutionary relationships among most (143 genera) of the currently recognized genera of the braconid wasp subfamily Doryctinae were investigated using maximum parsimony analysis, employing 100 characters from external morphology and four additional, less well-studied character systems (male genitalia, ovipositor structure, venom apparatus and larval cephalic structure). We investigated the ‘performance’ of characters from external morphology and the other character systems and the effects of abundant missing entries by comparing the data decisiveness, retention and consistency indices of four different character partitions. The results indicate that the performances of the different partitions are not related to the proportions of missing entries, but instead are negatively correlated to their proportion of informative characters, suggesting that the morphological information in this group is subject to high levels of homoplasy. The external morphological partition is significantly incongruent with respect to a data set comprising the other character systems based on the ILD test. Analyses supported neither the monophyly of the large tribes Doryctini and Hecabolini, nor the monophyly of the Spathiini and Heterospilini. Relationships obtained from successive approximation weighting analysis for the complete data differ considerably from the currently accepted tribal and subtribal classifications. The only exceptions were the Ypsistocerini and the Ecphylini, whose recognized members were recovered in single clades. A close relationship between the Binaerini and Holcobraconini, and also Monarea, is consistently supported by venom apparatus and ovipositor structure characters but is not indicated by external morphological data. Low bootstrap values obtained for most of the recovered clades in all analyses do not allow us to propose a meaningful reclassification for the group at this time. A complete list of the recognized genera and their synonymies is given.

10aclassification10aconsistency index10adata decisiveness10ainsect10aretention index10asystematics1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aQuicke, D.L.J. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/102502606nas a2200265 4500008004100000245009900041210006900140300001200209490000700221520178700228653001502015653002402030653001502054653001502069653002402084653002302108653003402131100002502165700002402190700001902214700001902233700001902252700001902271856005002290 2007 eng d00aA single origin of gall association in a group of parasitic wasps with disparate morphologies.0 asingle origin of gall association in a group of parasitic wasps  a981-9920 v443 a

The braconid wasp subfamily Doryctinae mainly comprises idiobiont ectoparasitoids of other insect larvae. In recent years, however, members of a few genera have been discovered to be associated with galls from various unrelated host plant families, with some of these being gall inducers whereas others are suspected as being predators of gallers. Because of their considerable morphological differences, these gall-associated taxa traditionally have been placed in separate tribes or even in other subfamilies. In this study, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships among representatives of a number of different doryctine genera, including five of its seven gall-associated genera using two genetic markers. Here we analyzed the length-variable 28S sequence data based on secondary structure both excising the unalignable regions and recoding them according to indel length. In addition, multiple alignments were carried out with a range of gap-opening and extension parameters. The combined (28S+CO1) phylogenetic hypotheses obtained, both excluding and recoding the unalignable regions, recover a clade comprising the five gall-associated genera, and most of the analyses using multiple alignments also support this relationship. These results support a scenario in which secondary phytophagy evolves from initially attacking primary gall-forming hosts. The relationships recovered are also more congruent with a model that explains the macroevolution of insect plant association in the Doryctinae as reflecting geographic proximity rather than host plant relationships. Further, our phylogenetic hypotheses consistently show that one of the main morphological features employed in the higher level classification of the Doryctinae is actually highly homoplastic.

10aBraconidae10acharacter evolution10acyclostome10aDoryctinae10amolecular phylogeny10amultiple alignment10asecondary structure alignment1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aRegagnon, Leon1 aMartinez, J.J.1 aBriceño, R.G.1 aQuicke, D.L.J. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/92800544nas a2200133 4500008004100000245016700041210006900208300001200277490001000289100002500299700001700324700001900341856005000360 2006 eng d00aSystematics of the cyclostome subfamilies of braconid parasitic wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea): A simultaneous molecular and morphological Bayesian approach.0 aSystematics of the cyclostome subfamilies of braconid parasitic  a130-1450 v38(1)1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aMori, Miharu1 aQuicke, D.L.J. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/93401912nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013300041210006900174300001200243490000700255520128200262653000801544653000801552100002501560700002401585700002201609700001901631700001901650856004901669 2008 eng d00aMolecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)0 aMolecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopoli a345-3630 v223 a

The phylogenetic relationships among representatives of 64 genera of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae were investigated based on nuclear 28S ribosomal (r) DNA (~650 bp of the D2–3 region) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial (mt) DNA (603 bp) sequence data. The molecular dating of selected clades and the biogeography of the subfamily were also inferred. The partitioned Bayesian analyses did not recover a monophyletic Doryctinae, though the relationships involved were only weakly supported. Strong evidence was found for rejecting the monophylies of both Doryctes Haliday, 1836 and Spathius Nees, 1818. Our results also support the recognition of the Rhaconotini as a valid tribe. A dispersal–vicariance analysis showed a strong geographical signal for the taxa included, with molecular dating estimates for the origin of Doryctinae and its subsequent radiation both occurring during the late Paleocene–early Eocene. The divergence time estimates suggest that diversification in the subfamily could have in part occurred as a result of continental break-up events that took place in the southern hemisphere, though more recent dispersal events account for the current distribution of several widespread taxa.

10a28S10aCOI1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aLeon-Regagnon, V.1 aBriceño, R.G.1 aQuicke, D.L.J. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/43