02531nas a2200205 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194300001200263490000800275520183400283653001502117653001402132653002402146653001602170653001502186100002402201700002402225700002502249856005102274 2019 eng d00aMolecular phylogenetics and evolution of generic diagnostic morphological features in the doryctine wasp tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)0 aMolecular phylogenetics and evolution of generic diagnostic morp a164-1710 v2793 a

The doryctine tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a cosmopolitan group of parasitoid wasps that currently comprises 13 valid genera. Despite the extensive taxonomic studies carried out for this tribe, its generic limits are still unclear due to the considerable variation of its diagnostic morphological features. Here we assessed the evolutionary relationships among representative species of eight rhaconotine genera based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. We also performed ancestral character reconstruction analyses of morphological features that are diagnostic at the genus level and assessed the times of origin and main diversification events in the tribe. The Rhaconotini was significantly supported as monophyletic. The widely distributed, speciose genus Rhaconotus Ruthe as well as Ipodoryctes Granger were recovered as non-monophyletic. Rhaconotus species with five visible metasomal tergites were nested in a single clade with the monotypic Aptenobracon Marsh, which also has this morphological feature. Most Rhaconotus species with six or more visible tergites were intermingled with other Oriental and Afrotropical genera that share this condition. The ancestral character reconstruction analyses of the remaining morphological features showed that they probably were gained and lost repeatedly during the evolution of the group. The origin and early diversification events in the Rhaconotini were estimated to occur during the late Eocene to mid-Miocene. Our results highlight the importance of assessing the evolution of diagnostic morphological features to improve the supraspecific classification of insect taxa with extensive morphological homoplasy.

10aBraconidae10aHomoplasy10amolecular phylogeny10aRhaconotini10aRhaconotus1 aJasso-Martinez, J.M1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/194100485nas a2200133 4500008004100000245011900041210006900160300001000229490000600239100002400245700001400269700001700283856005100300 2004 eng d00aSystematics, distribution and diversity of the Australasian doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae).0 aSystematics distribution and diversity of the Australasian doryc a1-1500 v81 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aIqbal, M.1 aAustin, A.D. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/102102729nas a2200217 4500008004100000245013100041210006900172300001200241490000800253520202000261653002002281653002202301653002202323653001102345653002002356653001602376100002402392700002502416700001902441856005102460 2004 eng d00aPhylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on morphological evidence.0 aPhylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Dorycti a369-4040 v1423 a

The evolutionary relationships among most (143 genera) of the currently recognized genera of the braconid wasp subfamily Doryctinae were investigated using maximum parsimony analysis, employing 100 characters from external morphology and four additional, less well-studied character systems (male genitalia, ovipositor structure, venom apparatus and larval cephalic structure). We investigated the ‘performance’ of characters from external morphology and the other character systems and the effects of abundant missing entries by comparing the data decisiveness, retention and consistency indices of four different character partitions. The results indicate that the performances of the different partitions are not related to the proportions of missing entries, but instead are negatively correlated to their proportion of informative characters, suggesting that the morphological information in this group is subject to high levels of homoplasy. The external morphological partition is significantly incongruent with respect to a data set comprising the other character systems based on the ILD test. Analyses supported neither the monophyly of the large tribes Doryctini and Hecabolini, nor the monophyly of the Spathiini and Heterospilini. Relationships obtained from successive approximation weighting analysis for the complete data differ considerably from the currently accepted tribal and subtribal classifications. The only exceptions were the Ypsistocerini and the Ecphylini, whose recognized members were recovered in single clades. A close relationship between the Binaerini and Holcobraconini, and also Monarea, is consistently supported by venom apparatus and ovipositor structure characters but is not indicated by external morphological data. Low bootstrap values obtained for most of the recovered clades in all analyses do not allow us to propose a meaningful reclassification for the group at this time. A complete list of the recognized genera and their synonymies is given.

10aclassification10aconsistency index10adata decisiveness10ainsect10aretention index10asystematics1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aQuicke, D.L.J. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/102500470nas a2200109 4500008004100000245015400041210006900195300001200264490001000276100002400286856005000310 2001 eng d00aNew species of the genera Rhaconotus Ruthe, Ipodoryctes Granger and Arhaconotus Blkb. from the Oriental region (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae).0 aNew species of the genera Rhaconotus Ruthe Ipodoryctes Granger a a101-1620 v10(1)1 aBelokobylskij, S.A. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/99101052nas a2200121 4500008004100000245013400041210006900175300001200244490000700256520059300263100002400856856005000880 2004 eng d00aTwo new taxa of subtribe Rhaconotina (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Doryctinae, Doryctini) from Africa, with a key to subtribe genera.0 aTwo new taxa of subtribe Rhaconotina Hymenoptera Braconidae Dory a205-2100 v403 a

A new genus, Grangerdoryctes gen. n. (with type species Aivalykus niger Granger), from Madagascar and a new subgenus Pararhacon subgen. n. of the genus Rhaconotus Ruthe (type species R. (P.) haeselbarthi sp. n.) from South Africa are described and illustrated. A discussion of genera without a second radiomedial vein of the fore wing in the tribe Doryctini is presented.The position and content of the subtribe Rhaconotina are discussed and a key for determination of the genera of this subtribe is proposed.

1 aBelokobylskij, S.A. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/99801912nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013300041210006900174300001200243490000700255520128200262653000801544653000801552100002501560700002401585700002201609700001901631700001901650856004901669 2008 eng d00aMolecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)0 aMolecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopoli a345-3630 v223 a

The phylogenetic relationships among representatives of 64 genera of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae were investigated based on nuclear 28S ribosomal (r) DNA (~650 bp of the D2–3 region) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial (mt) DNA (603 bp) sequence data. The molecular dating of selected clades and the biogeography of the subfamily were also inferred. The partitioned Bayesian analyses did not recover a monophyletic Doryctinae, though the relationships involved were only weakly supported. Strong evidence was found for rejecting the monophylies of both Doryctes Haliday, 1836 and Spathius Nees, 1818. Our results also support the recognition of the Rhaconotini as a valid tribe. A dispersal–vicariance analysis showed a strong geographical signal for the taxa included, with molecular dating estimates for the origin of Doryctinae and its subsequent radiation both occurring during the late Paleocene–early Eocene. The divergence time estimates suggest that diversification in the subfamily could have in part occurred as a result of continental break-up events that took place in the southern hemisphere, though more recent dispersal events account for the current distribution of several widespread taxa.

10a28S10aCOI1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aLeon-Regagnon, V.1 aBriceño, R.G.1 aQuicke, D.L.J. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/43