02531nas a2200205 4500008004100000245015300041210006900194300001200263490000800275520183400283653001502117653001402132653002402146653001602170653001502186100002402201700002402225700002502249856005102274 2019 eng d00aMolecular phylogenetics and evolution of generic diagnostic morphological features in the doryctine wasp tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)0 aMolecular phylogenetics and evolution of generic diagnostic morp a164-1710 v2793 a

The doryctine tribe Rhaconotini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a cosmopolitan group of parasitoid wasps that currently comprises 13 valid genera. Despite the extensive taxonomic studies carried out for this tribe, its generic limits are still unclear due to the considerable variation of its diagnostic morphological features. Here we assessed the evolutionary relationships among representative species of eight rhaconotine genera based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. We also performed ancestral character reconstruction analyses of morphological features that are diagnostic at the genus level and assessed the times of origin and main diversification events in the tribe. The Rhaconotini was significantly supported as monophyletic. The widely distributed, speciose genus Rhaconotus Ruthe as well as Ipodoryctes Granger were recovered as non-monophyletic. Rhaconotus species with five visible metasomal tergites were nested in a single clade with the monotypic Aptenobracon Marsh, which also has this morphological feature. Most Rhaconotus species with six or more visible tergites were intermingled with other Oriental and Afrotropical genera that share this condition. The ancestral character reconstruction analyses of the remaining morphological features showed that they probably were gained and lost repeatedly during the evolution of the group. The origin and early diversification events in the Rhaconotini were estimated to occur during the late Eocene to mid-Miocene. Our results highlight the importance of assessing the evolution of diagnostic morphological features to improve the supraspecific classification of insect taxa with extensive morphological homoplasy.

10aBraconidae10aHomoplasy10amolecular phylogeny10aRhaconotini10aRhaconotus1 aJasso-Martinez, J.M1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/194101912nas a2200193 4500008004100000245013300041210006900174300001200243490000700255520128200262653000801544653000801552100002501560700002401585700002201609700001901631700001901650856004901669 2008 eng d00aMolecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)0 aMolecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopoli a345-3630 v223 a

The phylogenetic relationships among representatives of 64 genera of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae were investigated based on nuclear 28S ribosomal (r) DNA (~650 bp of the D2–3 region) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial (mt) DNA (603 bp) sequence data. The molecular dating of selected clades and the biogeography of the subfamily were also inferred. The partitioned Bayesian analyses did not recover a monophyletic Doryctinae, though the relationships involved were only weakly supported. Strong evidence was found for rejecting the monophylies of both Doryctes Haliday, 1836 and Spathius Nees, 1818. Our results also support the recognition of the Rhaconotini as a valid tribe. A dispersal–vicariance analysis showed a strong geographical signal for the taxa included, with molecular dating estimates for the origin of Doryctinae and its subsequent radiation both occurring during the late Paleocene–early Eocene. The divergence time estimates suggest that diversification in the subfamily could have in part occurred as a result of continental break-up events that took place in the southern hemisphere, though more recent dispersal events account for the current distribution of several widespread taxa.

10a28S10aCOI1 aZaldivar-Riveron, A.1 aBelokobylskij, S.A.1 aLeon-Regagnon, V.1 aBriceƱo, R.G.1 aQuicke, D.L.J. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/4301513nas a2200241 4500008004100000022001400041245013200055210006900187260001200256300001000268490000700278520079100285653001801076653001501094653001501109653001501124653001601139653001501155653001601170653001301186100002401199856004801223 1995 eng d a0024-067200aTwo new genera and two new subgenera of the subfamilies Exothecinae and Doryctinae from the Old World (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)0 aTwo new genera and two new subgenera of the subfamilies Exotheci c07/1995 a37-520 v693 a

Two new genera and two new subgenera of Exothecinae and Doryctinae are described and illustrated:
Afrotritermus gen. nov. (with two species from South Africa: Aulosaphes capensis Hedqvist (type species) and Afrotritermus natalicus spec. nov.); Fijibracon gen. nov. (type species: F. insularis spec. nov., from Fiji Islands); Spathius (Ambispathius subgen. nov.) (with Spathius (A.) anervis spec. nov. from Fiji Islands (type species) and S.(A.) sabahus spec. nov. from Sabah, East Malaysia); Spathius (Antespathius subgen. nov.) (type species: S. (A.) buonluoicus spec. nov. from Vietnam

10aAfrotritermus10aAulosaphes10aBraconidae10aDoryctinae10aExothecinae10aFijibracon10aHymenoptera10aSpathius1 aBelokobylskij, S.A. uhttps://doryctinaekey.myspecies.info/node/1