@article {1938, title = {Beta diversity of four braconid subfamilies (Braconidae, Agathidinae, Braconinae, Doryctinae and Macrocentrinae) of the Ria Lagartos Biosphere reserve in Yucatan, Mexico, with some considerations on biological habits}, year = {2018}, abstract = {

The species diversity composition and phenological behaviour of four braconid subfamilies (Hymenoptera:\ Braconidae: Agathidinae, Braconinae, Doryctinae and Macrocentrinae) were monitored in three\ vegetation communities (dune vegetation, tropical deciduous forest and savannah) of the Ria Lagartos\ Biosphere Reserve (RLBR) in Yucatan, Mexico. Braconid wasps were collected with Malaise traps every\ 15 days over one year (June 2008 to June 2009). A total of 2,476 specimens were inventoried comprising\ 233 species and 63 genera. The composition of braconids and their lifestyles differed among the three\ vegetation communities studied. Doryctinae was the most diverse and abundant subfamily in RLBR (40 genera, 145 species, 990 specimens) and the tropical deciduous forest recorded the maximum abundance and diversity (H\’= 4.1; alpha value= 1.059), with 61 exclusive species. Phenological sequence indicates an influence of the rainy season in braconid diversity, but its effects differed among braconid subfamilies and among the vegetation communities. Finally, the importance of the RBRL as a conservation site for this hymenopterous wasp is discussed.

}, keywords = {abundance, braconid wasps, conservation, Neotropical}, doi = {10.3897/jhr.67.28982}, url = {http://zoobank.org/4898F924-8EEA-4462-919A-C57D72122F92}, author = {R. Cauich-Kumul and H. Delfin-Gonzalez and A. Mart{\'\i}n-Park and P. Manrique-Saide and V. Lopez-Martinez} } @article {1935, title = {Erratum - Redescription of species of the Neotropical parasitoid Notiospathius Mathews et Marsh (Braconidae: Doryctinae) based on their nineteenth and early twentieth century types.}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2792}, year = {2011}, pages = {68}, chapter = {68}, abstract = {

In the redescription of Notiospathius fuscipes Cameron, page 35, the propodeum lacks distinct spines over\ hind coxa and a spine at apical-lateral corners.

The key we included that is complementary to the one provided by Marsh (2002) should be replaced entirely\ by the following couplets, and is designed to be used in conjunction with Marsh\’s key.

}, keywords = {corrigenda, erratum, key, Notiospathius}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and V.S. De Jesus-Bonilla} } @article {1906, title = {Sergey gen. n., a new doryctine genus from temperate forests of Mexico and Cuba (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {589}, year = {2016}, pages = {143-164}, chapter = {143}, abstract = {

The new doryctine genus Sergey gen. n. is described with four new species (S. cubaensis Zald\ívar-River\ón\ \& Mart\ínez, sp. n., S. coahuilensis Zald\ívar-River\ón \& Mart\ínez, sp. n., S. tzeltal Mart\ínez \& Zal\ídivar-River\ón, sp. n., S. tzotzil Mart\ínez \& Zal\ídivar-River\ón, sp. n.) from temperate forests of Mexico and\ Cuba. Similar to many other doryctine taxa, the new genus has a considerably elongated, petiolate basal\ sternal plate of the first metasomal tergite, although it can be distinguished from these by having the\ mesoscutum sharply declivous anteriorly with sharp anterolateral edges. The described species have been\ characterised molecularly based on two mitochondrial (COI, cyt b) and one nuclear (28S) gene markers.\ Based on the mitochondrial gene genealogies reconstructed, the evidence suggests the existence of incomplete\ lineage sorting or hybridization in the populations from Chiapas and Oaxaca assigned to S. tzeltal\ sp. n.

}, keywords = {Doryctinae, Ichneumonoidea, incomplete lineage sorting, keys, new species, taxonomy}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.589.8291}, author = {J.J. Martinez and R.N.M. L{\'a}zaro and C. Pedraza-Lara and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {1905, title = {A new species of Bolivar Zald{\'\i}var-River{\'o}n et Rodr{\'\i}guez-Jim{\'e}nez (BRACONIDAE, DORYCTINAE) from Brazil, with new records of the Amazonian B. ecuadorensis Zald{\'\i}var-River{\'o}n et L{\'o}pez-Estrada}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4109}, year = {2016}, pages = {245-250}, chapter = {245}, abstract = {

A new species of the doryctine genus Bolivar (Braconidae), B. brasiliensis sp. nov., is described from the Atlantic coastal region in Brazil. New records and taxonomic notes of the Amazonian B. ecuadorensis Zald\ívar-River\ón et L\ópez-Estrada are also provided.

}, keywords = {Amazon, cyclostome braconids, geographic distribution, Neotropics, taxonomy}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4109.2.9}, author = {J.F. Nunes and A.M. Penteado-Dias and S. de Souza Gadelha and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {1903, title = {Taxonomic synopsis of Notiospathius Matthews \& Marsh, 1973 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Colombia}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {4132}, year = {2016}, pages = {151-206}, abstract = {

Notiospathius Matthews \& Marsh, 1973 is the second most diverse genus of Doryctinae in the Neotropical region, however, in Colombia only two species have been reported and no studies on the diversity of the genus have been conducted. We present a taxonomic synopsis of the genus from Colombia. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) allowed the taxonomic evaluation of morphometric characters used by other authors and those proposed in the present study to differentiate the species. Forty seven of 104 characters studied are useful to discriminate the species. Twenty three species are reported. The following new records for Colombia are: Notiospathius angustus Marsh, 2002; N. badius Marsh, 2002; N. bicolor Marsh, 2002; N. ninae Marsh, 2002; N. rugonotum Marsh, 2002; N. shawi Marsh, 2002; N. tinctipennis (Cameron, 1887) and N. venezuelae López-Estrada \& Zaldívar-Riverón, 2012. The following 14 new species are described: N. alejandroi sp. nov., N. amazonensis sp. nov., N. carmenae sp. nov., N. cundinamarcensis sp. nov., N. farallonensis sp. nov., N. julianoi sp. nov., N. magdalenensis sp. nov., N. marshi sp. nov., N. payae sp. nov., N. putumayensis sp. nov., N. quimbayensis sp. nov., N. tayronensis sp. nov., N. utriae sp. nov., N. vallensis sp. nov. Notiospathius ugaldei Marsh, 2002 is the junior synonym of N. columbianus (Enderlein, 1912); Notiospathius mariachi Reséndiz-Flores, Nunes and Zaldívar-Riverón, 2014 is the junior synonym of N. carolinae (Marsh, 2002); and N. chinanteco Reséndiz-Flores, Nunes and Zaldívar-Riverón, 2014 is the junior synonym of N. rugonotum Marsh, 2002. A comprehensive taxonomic key with illustrations is presented.

}, keywords = {Doryctinae, key, morphometric analyses, Parasitoid wasps, species diversity}, doi = {10.11646/zootaxa.4132.2.1}, author = {A. Rodr{\'\i}guez-Jim{\'e}nez and C.E. Sarmiento} } @mastersthesis {1885, title = {Taxonomia de Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) na Amaz{\^o}nia brasileira}, volume = {Master}, year = {2014}, month = {2014}, school = {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz{\^o}nia}, type = {PPG-ENT}, address = {Manaus, Brazil}, abstract = {

Braconidae has about 19,500 valid species, and Doryctinae is one of its most\ diverse subfamilies with over 1000 species in about 180 genera. However, the\ authors point out that the greater diversity of the group lies in the Neotropics,\ where there are about 70\% of the genera. In Brazil, have been recorded near 60\ genera, 32 for the Brazilian Amazon. However, these genera are known only by\ their type-localities, and their identification is so hardy due to the lack of keys for\ the region, and the ones that exist belongs to other regions and are outdated.\ Thus, the objective here was to conduct a taxonomic study of the Doryctinae\ genera occurring in the Brazilian Amazon. For its realization, mainly material from\ Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz\ônia (INPA) and Museu Paraense\ Em\ílio Goeldi (MPEG) were analyzed, besides other entomological collections of\ the Amazon region. The material was identified in part through the keys of Marsh\ (1997 and 2002) to the New World and Costa Rica, respectively and original\ descriptions. It was possible to analyze more than 900 specimens classified into\ 44 existing genera, beyond recognition of seven new genera and three new\ species, all here described. Barbalhoa Marsh, Curtiselloides Marsh, Pannuceus\ Marsh, Percnobracon Kieffer, Vanderentiellus Marsh and Bolivar Zald\ívar-River\ón \& Rodr\íguez-Jim\énez are new records for Brazil, while Aphelopsia\ Marsh, Neoheterospilus Belokobylskij, Panama Marsh and Ptesimogastroides\ Braet \& van Achterberg are news for the Brazilian Amazon region; besides 24\ genera had their records expanded within this region. The subfamily was\ recorded in almost all the states that comprise the Brazilian Amazon, except for\ Tocantins and Mato Grosso. The largest number of genera was found in\ Amazonas (44), followed by Par\á (23) and Roraima (20). It is suggested that\ further collection efforts should be concentrated on those states that had fewer\ genera registered (Rond\ônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins and Maranh\ão) and also\ have greater risk of loss of biodiversity due to deforestation. The taxonomic\ analysis suggests the existence of a possible synonymy of Johnsonius Marsh\ under Semirhytus Sz\épligeti, and Aphelopsia Marsh under Callihormius\ Ashmead. The Notiospathius Matthews \& Marsh and Allorhogas Gahan have a\ great diversity within the region and should be studied separately in the future,\ considering the possibility of discovering new species in the first, and a better\ definition of it limits in the second.

}, url = {http://w2.files.scire.net.br/atrio/inpa-ent_upl/THESIS/91/dissertao__siangadelha.pdf}, author = {S. de Souza Gadelha} } @article {1883, title = {Phylogenetic relationships and description of Bolivar, a new genus of Neotropical doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {12/2013}, pages = {673{\textendash}688}, abstract = {

Metasomal elongation is a common feature in species of various parasitoid Hymenoptera, probably due to adaptive morphological convergence to similar parasitoid strategies. The braconid subfamily Doryctinae is perhaps where this feature has evolved the most times independently. Here we recognise a new Neotropical doryctine wasp genus with a petiolate first metasomal tergum, based on molecular and morphological analysis. The phylogenetic affinities of the new genus within Doryctinae and the relationships among six of its described and three potentially cryptic, undescribed species were reconstructed using sequence data from three genes, wingless, 28SrDNA and COI. The new genus is resolved in a clade together with Semirhytus Sz\épligeti, Johnsonius Marsh and Parallorhogas Marsh. These four genera share vein m-cu of the hind wing slightly curved distally and the propodeum with a distinct lateral and median longitudinal carina and an apical areola. The relationships recovered among the examined species suggest a South American origin for the new genus and its subsequent diversification into Central America and Mexico. Described as Bolivar, gen. nov., this new taxon comprises eight species, two species previously placed within Notiospathius Matthews \& Marsh, B. ornaticornis (Cameron), comb. nov., and B. bribri (Marsh), comb. nov., and six new species (B. ecuadorensis, sp. nov., B. helmuthi, sp. nov., B. pittieri, sp. nov., B. risaraldae, sp. nov., B. teres, sp. nov. and B. tuxtlae, sp. nov.).

}, keywords = {Doryctinae, Ichneumonoidea, Insecta, new species}, doi = {10.1071/IS13021}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and A. Rodr{\'\i}guez-Jim{\'e}nez and C.E. Sarmiento and C. Pedraza-Lara and E.K. L{\'o}pez-Estrada} } @article {1803, title = {Braconid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) of Northern Yucatan, Mexico: Subfamilies Agathidinae and Doryctinae (excluding Heterospilus Haliday)}, journal = {Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society}, volume = {85}, year = {2012}, pages = {186-205}, abstract = {

The Braconidae fauna (Agathidinae and Doryctinae, excluding Heterospilus\ Haliday) of the Ria Lagartos Biosphere Reserve in Yucatan, Mexico are recorded. Eighty-three\ species and 29 genera were found; of these 62 species are new records for Mexico. The\ general distribution and flight period of the taxa collected are provided.

}, keywords = {Braconid fauna, flight period, species records}, doi = {10.2317/JKES120212.1}, url = {http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.2317/JKES120212.1}, author = {Cauich-Kumul, R. and Delfin-Gonzalez, H. and Lopez-Martinez, V. and M.J. Sharkey} } @book {1770, title = {Braconidae 9. Doryctinae.}, series = {Hymenopterorum Catalogus (nova editio)}, volume = {13}, year = {1976}, pages = {1263-1424}, author = {Shenefelt, R.D. and P.M. Marsh} } @article {1761, title = {Broad polyphyly and historical biogeography of the neotropical wasp genus Notiospathius (Braconidae: Doryctinae)}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {69}, year = {2013}, pages = {142-152}, abstract = {

Morphological convergence is a frequently observed pattern that occurs in species with similar environments,\ trophic niches, and/or life history strategies. In particular, adaptive morphological convergence is\ common in small, highly diverse invertebrate taxa sharing similar life history strategies such as parasitoidism.\ The genus Notiospathius is a braconid parasitoid wasp group with a vast, undetermined number\ of species distributed throughout the Neotropics. Members of this genus possess a considerably elongated,\ petiolate first metasomal tergite. This structure, however, also occurs in species of other doryctine\ genera, both closely and distantly related, probably due to adaptation for attacking wood and bark boring\ coleopteran larvae. Here we investigated the phylogenetic relationships among 117 species assigned to\ Notiospathius, including species of its closely related genera Masonius and Tarasco, as well as members\ of a number of other doryctine genera in order to test its monophyly. Separate and concatenated Bayesian\ partitioned analyses were carried out using two mitochondrial and three nuclear gene markers. The influence\ of each gene on the overall topology was verified using a cross-validation analysis for each marker\ with a \‘\‘leave-one-out\’\’ approach. Moreover, the historical biogeography of Notiospathius was assessed\ calculating divergence time estimates of clades with BEAST and performing ancestral area reconstruction\ analyses both with RASP (Bayesian and S-DIVA) and Lagrange (DEC). All analyses recovered a polyphyletic\ Notiospathius consisting of three separate clades that were more related to other doryctine genera\ than to each other. The relationships reconstructed could not be used to confidently establish the limits\ of Notiospathius with respect to its closely related genera Tarasco and Masonius, and thus the generic status\ of the latter two taxa is maintained. Our divergence time estimates and ancestral area reconstructions\ indicate that the most recent common ancestor of Notiospathius sensu stricto originated in the Caribbean\ subregion during the Oligocene\–Miocene boundary, and subsequently diversified during the mid- to late\ Miocene, radiating throughout the Neotropics.

}, keywords = {concatened analysis, Hymenoptera, Ichneumonoidea, parasitoid, phylogeny}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2013.05.001}, author = {Ceccarelli, F.S. and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {1760, title = {Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea), based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, volume = {36}, year = {2011}, pages = {549-572}, abstract = {

This study examined subfamilial relationships within Braconidae, using\ 4 kb of sequence data for 139 taxa. Genetic sampling included previously used\ markers for phylogenetic studies of Braconidae (28S and 18S rDNA) as well as new\ nuclear protein-coding genes (CAD and ACC). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian\ inference of the concatenated dataset recovered a robust phylogeny, particularly for\ early divergences within the family. This study focused primarily on non-cyclostome\ subfamilies, but the monophyly of the cyclostome complex was strongly supported.\ There was evidence supporting an independent clade, termed the aphidioid complex,\ as sister to the cyclostome complex of subfamilies. Maxfischeria was removed from\ Helconinae and placed within its own subfamily within the aphidioid complex.\ Most relationships within the cyclostome complex were poorly supported, probably\ because of lower taxonomic sampling within this group. Similar to other studies,\ there was strong support for the alysioid subcomplex containing Gnamptodontinae,\ Alysiinae, Opiinae and Exothecinae. Cenocoeliinae was recovered as sister to all\ other subfamilies within the euphoroid complex. Planitorus and Mannokeraia,\ previously placed in Betylobraconinae and Masoninae, respectively, were moved to\ the Euphorinae, and may share a close affiliation with Neoneurinae. Neoneurinae and\ Ecnomiinae were placed as tribes within Euphorinae. A sister relationship between\ the microgastroid and sigalphoid complexes was also recovered. The helconoid\ complex included a well-supported lineage that is parasitic on lepidopteran larvae\ (macrocentroid subcomplex). Helconini was raised to subfamily status, and was\ recovered as sister to the macrocentroid subcomplex. Blacinae was demoted to tribal\ status and placed within the newly circumscribed subfamily Brachistinae, which also\ contains the tribes Diospilini, Brulleiini and Brachistini, all formerly in Helconinae.

}, author = {B.J. Sharanowski and A.P.G. Dowling and M.J. Sharkey} } @article {1638, title = {Notiospathius, a new neotropical genus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).}, journal = {Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences}, volume = {63(2)}, year = {1973}, pages = {73-75}, author = {R.W. Matthews and P.M. Marsh} } @article {1025, title = {Phylogeny of the genera of the parasitic wasps subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) based on morphological evidence.}, journal = {Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society}, volume = {142}, year = {2004}, pages = {369-404}, abstract = {

The evolutionary relationships among most (143 genera) of the currently recognized genera of the braconid wasp subfamily Doryctinae were investigated using maximum parsimony analysis, employing 100 characters from external morphology and four additional, less well-studied character systems (male genitalia, ovipositor structure, venom apparatus and larval cephalic structure). We investigated the \‘performance\’ of characters from external morphology and the other character systems and the effects of abundant missing entries by comparing the data decisiveness, retention and consistency indices of four different character partitions. The results indicate that the performances of the different partitions are not related to the proportions of missing entries, but instead are negatively correlated to their proportion of informative characters, suggesting that the morphological information in this group is subject to high levels of homoplasy. The external morphological partition is significantly incongruent with respect to a data set comprising the other character systems based on the ILD test. Analyses supported neither the monophyly of the large tribes Doryctini and Hecabolini, nor the monophyly of the Spathiini and Heterospilini. Relationships obtained from successive approximation weighting analysis for the complete data differ considerably from the currently accepted tribal and subtribal classifications. The only exceptions were the Ypsistocerini and the Ecphylini, whose recognized members were recovered in single clades. A close relationship between the Binaerini and Holcobraconini, and also Monarea, is consistently supported by venom apparatus and ovipositor structure characters but is not indicated by external morphological data. Low bootstrap values obtained for most of the recovered clades in all analyses do not allow us to propose a meaningful reclassification for the group at this time. A complete list of the recognized genera and their synonymies is given.

}, keywords = {classification, consistency index, data decisiveness, insect, retention index, systematics}, author = {S.A. Belokobylskij and A. Zaldivar-Riveron and D.L.J. Quicke} } @article {933, title = {DNA barcoding a highly diverse group of parasitoid wasps (Braconidae: Doryctinae) from a Mexican nature reserve.}, journal = {Mitochondrial DNA}, volume = {21}, year = {2010}, pages = {18-23}, abstract = {

Background and aims. The preliminary results of a DNA barcoding study of the doryctine fauna of parasitoid wasps from the Chamela\–Cuixmala Biosphere Reserve in Mexico, a region dominated by tropical dry forest, are presented. So far, three field trips have been carried out to the reserve and 468 specimens have been collected, of which 407 cox1 sequences were obtained.
Materials and methods. The general mixed Yule-coalescent model was applied to a phylogram to investigate the number of evolutionary units that can be detected from the DNA sequence data examined.
Results. A total of 185 barcoding species assigned to 20 identified doryctine genera were discriminated using the above model, 115 of which belong to the speciose genus Heterospilus, pointing out the extraordinary species richness of this subfamily of insects in a Mexican tropical dry forest.
Conclusion. On the basis of the DNA barcodes generated, Ptesimogastroides Braet \& van Achterberg is proposed to be a junior synonym of Ptesimogaster Marsh syn. nov. Neoheterospilus was also found deeply nested within a large Heterospilus clade, suggesting the paraphyly of the latter genus.

}, keywords = {Braconidae, cox1, DNA barcoding, Doryctinae, Hymenoptera, tropical dry forest}, issn = {1940-1736}, doi = {10.3109/19401736.2010.523701}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and J.J. Martinez and Ceccarelli, F.S. and V.S. De Jesus-Bonilla and Rodriguez-Perez, A.C. and Resendiz-Flores, A. and Smith, M.A.} } @article {47, title = {A new synonym of the Neotropical parasitoid wasp genus Notiospathius (Braconidae, Doryctinae), with redescription of two species and description of five new species from Brazil}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {122}, year = {2011}, pages = {71-90}, abstract = {

A junior synonym of the parasitoid wasp genus\ Notiospathius\ Matthews and Marsh,Hansonorumsyn. n., with two new combinations,\ Notiospathius\ carolinae\ (Marsh)\ comb. n.\ andNotiospathius\ pauli\ (Marsh)\ comb. n., are proposed. Two species of\ Notiospathius\ from Brazil originally described in early twentieth century are redescribed,\ Notiospathius\ caudatus\ (Sz\épligeti) and\ Notiospathius\ diversus\ (Sz\épligeti). Five new species of\ Notiospathius\ from southern Brazil are also described:\ Notiospathius\ atrasp. n.,\ Notiospathius\ johnlennonisp. n.,\ Notiospathius novateutoniaesp. n.,\ Notiospathius\ sulcatussp. n., and\ Notiospathius\ xanthofasciatussp. n.Most of the type specimens of the above new species were collected in the mid twentieth century in the Nova Teutonia region, which is now part of the municipality of Seara in the state of Santa Catarina.

}, keywords = {Braconidae, Brazil, Doryctinae, Notiospathius, parasitoid}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.122.1243}, author = {V.S. De Jesus-Bonilla and J.F. Nunes and A.M. Penteado-Dias and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {46, title = {Species identification in the taxonomically neglected, highly diverse, neotropical parasitoid wasp genus Notiospathius (Braconidae: Doryctinae) based on an integrative molecular and morphological approach}, journal = {Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution}, volume = {62}, year = {2012}, pages = {485-495}, abstract = {

Various DNA sequence-based methods for species delineation have recently been developed to assess the species-richness of highly diverse, neglected invertebrate taxa. These methods, however, need to be tested under a variety of conditions, including the use of different markers and parameters. Here, we explored the species diversity of a species-rich group of braconid parasitoid wasps, the Neotropical genus Notiospathius, including 233 specimens from 10 different countries. We examined sequences of two mitochondrial (mt) (COI, cyt b) and one nuclear (wg) gene fragments. We analysed them separately as well as concatenating the mt data with the general mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) model for species delineation using different tree-building methods and parameters for reconstructing ultrametric trees. We evaluated the performance of GMYC analyses by comparing their species delineations with our morphospecies identifications. Reconstructing ultrametric trees with a relaxed lognormal clock rate using the program BEAST gave the most congruent results with morphology for the two mt markers. A tree obtained with wg using the programs MrBayes+Pathd8 had the fewest cases of incongruence with morphology, though the performance of this nuclear marker was considerably lower than that of COI and cyt b. Species delimitation using the coalescent prior to obtain ultrametric trees was morphologically more congruent with COI, whereas the Yule prior was more congruent with cyt b. The analyses concatenating the mt datasets failed to recover some species supported both by morphology and the separate analyses of the mt markers. The highest morphological congruence was obtained with the GMYC analysis on an ultrametric tree reconstructed with cyt b using the relaxed lognormal clock rate and the Yule prior, thus supporting the importance of using alternative markers when the information of the barcoding locus (COI) is not concordant with morphological evidence. Seventy-one species were delimited based on the congruence found among COI, cyt b and morphology. Both mt markers also revealed the existence of seven potential cryptic species. This high species richness from a scattered geographical sampling indicates that there is a remarkable number of Notiospathius species that remains undiscovered.

}, keywords = {Doryctinae, GMYC model, integrative taxonomy, Species delineation}, doi = {10.1016/j.ympev.2011.10.018}, author = {Ceccarelli, F.S. and M.J. Sharkey and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {45, title = {Seven new species of Notiospathius (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Doryctinae) from Northwest Venezuela}, journal = {Journal of Hymenoptera Research}, volume = {29}, year = {2012}, pages = {37-61}, abstract = {

We describe seven new species of the doryctine wasp genus Notiospathius Matthews \& Marsh from Northwest Venezuela: N. araguae sp. n., N. bolivari sp. n., N. curvilineatus sp. n., N. dantei sp. n., N. estradae sp. n., N. larensis sp. n., and N. venezuelae sp. n. These represent the first described species of the genus reported for this country. Species boundaries for the above taxa were confirmed using the General mixed Yule-coalescent method with 441 DNA barcode sequences from specimens assigned to Notiospathius and other closely related genera collected in different countries along the Neotropics.

}, keywords = {Barcoding, GMYC model, integrative taxonomy, Neotropical, parasitoid}, doi = {10.3897/JHR.29.3555}, author = {L{\'o}pez-Estrada, E.K. and R.G. Brice{\~n}o and Smith, M.A. and J.F. Nunes and A.M. Penteado-Dias and Ceccarelli, F.S. and Clebsch, H. and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {44, title = {Redescription of species of the Neotropical parasitoid Notiospathius Mathews et Marsh (Braconidae: Doryctinae) based on their nineteenth and early twentieth century types}, journal = {Zootaxa}, volume = {2543}, year = {2010}, pages = {31-42}, abstract = {

Seven species of the speciose Neotropical parasitoid wasp genus Notiospathius Mathews et Marsh are redescribed. These species were originally described during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Examination of the holotpyes of N. meliorator and N. necator revealed that they actually belong to an undescribed doryctine genus that is similar to Ptesimogaster Marsh, 1965. A key is provided to distinguish these species.

}, keywords = {Barcoding, GMYC model, integrative taxonomy, Neotropical, parasitoid}, doi = {10.3897/JHR.29.3555}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and V.S. De Jesus-Bonilla} } @article {43, title = {Molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera:Braconidae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematic}, volume = {22}, year = {2008}, pages = {345-363}, abstract = {

The phylogenetic relationships among representatives of 64 genera of the cosmopolitan parasitic wasps of the subfamily Doryctinae were investigated based on nuclear 28S ribosomal (r) DNA (~650 bp of the D2\–3 region) and cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial (mt) DNA (603 bp) sequence data. The molecular dating of selected clades and the biogeography of the subfamily were also inferred. The partitioned Bayesian analyses did not recover a monophyletic Doryctinae, though the relationships involved were only weakly supported. Strong evidence was found for rejecting the monophylies of both Doryctes Haliday, 1836 and Spathius Nees, 1818. Our results also support the recognition of the Rhaconotini as a valid tribe. A dispersal\–vicariance analysis showed a strong geographical signal for the taxa included, with molecular dating estimates for the origin of Doryctinae and its subsequent radiation both occurring during the late Paleocene\–early Eocene. The divergence time estimates suggest that diversification in the subfamily could have in part occurred as a result of continental break-up events that took place in the southern hemisphere, though more recent dispersal events account for the current distribution of several widespread taxa.

}, keywords = {28S, COI}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and S.A. Belokobylskij and Leon-Regagnon, V. and R.G. Brice{\~n}o and D.L.J. Quicke} } @book {40, title = {The Doryctinae of Costa Rica (excluding the genus Heterospilus)}, series = {Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute}, volume = {70}, year = {2002}, pages = {319}, publisher = {American Entomological Institute}, organization = {American Entomological Institute}, address = {Gainsville, Fl.}, abstract = {

A comprehensive taxonomic study is presented for the 63 genera and 172 species of braconid wasp subfamily Doryctine\ occurring in Costa Rica. Of these, 12 genera and 119 species are described as new to science. The speciose genus\ Heterospilus\ is excluded from this study. Keys for identification of the genera and species are provided and each genus and species is described and illustrated. Several genera previously describe from South America or other parts of Central America are recorded for the first time from Costa Rica. One new synonymy is proposed: the genus\ Achterbergia\ Marsh is considered a junior synonym of the genus\ Aivalykus\ Nixon (n.syn.). Two new combinations are proposed:\ Achterbergia\ arawak\ Marsh is transferred\ to\ Aivalykus\ (n. comb.);\ Platydoryctesamazonensis\ Barbalho\ and\ Penteado-Dias\ is transferred to the new genus\ Angelica\ (n.comb.). Very little is known about the biology of doryctine wasps,but where host records are available most species appear to be idiobiont ectoparasitoids of wood boring beetle larvae. However, three genera in Costa Rica depart remarkably from this biology: several species of\ Allorhogas\ and\ Labania\ have been reared from leaf and seed galls on various plant, and species of\ Psenobolus\ develop as inquilines in figs. A checklist of the Costa Rican Doryctinae is provided. A Spanish translation of the key to genera is included as an appendix.

}, issn = {1887988149}, author = {P.M. Marsh} }