@article {1940, title = {Species delimitation, global phylogeny and historical biogeography of the parasitoid wasp genus Spathius (Braconidae: Doryctinae) reveal multiple Oligocene{\textendash} Miocene intercontinental dispersal events}, year = {2017}, abstract = {

Phylogenetic studies of globally distributed taxa are crucial to estimate the mode and tempo of common intercontinental\ biogeographic processes. However, few of these studies have focused on invertebrates, mainly because their\ taxonomy and species richness generally are highly neglected. Here we performed a morphological and mtDNA\ sequence-based species delineation analysis for 111 specimens of the cosmopolitan, speciose parasitoid wasp genus\ Spathius (Braconidae) and assessed its phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography adding two nuclear\ markers. Seventy-one species of Spathius were delimited. Neither the monophyly of Spathiini, Spathius, nor its\ species groups were recovered. Based on the relaxed molecular clock and ancestral area reconstruction analyses,\ the Oriental appears as the most plausible region of origin for Spathius, whereas various intercontinental dispersal\ events probably played an important role in its species diversification. At least three and two dispersal events from\ the Oriental to the Ethiopian and Australian regions, respectively, were estimated to occur during the late Oligocene\ to mid-Miocene, c. 25\–15 Mya. Dispersal to the Palaearctic and Nearctic from the Ethiopian region probably occurred\ during the early Miocene, c. 20 Mya. Our results overall reflect that the worldwide distribution of Spathius was\ acquired early in the evolutionary history of the lineage.

}, keywords = {COI mtDNA, dispersal, molecular phylogeny, Species delineation}, doi = {10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx050}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and S.A. Belokobylskij and R.N. Meza-Lazaro and C. Pedraza-Lara and M. Garcia-Paris and A.S. Meseguer} } @article {1906, title = {Sergey gen. n., a new doryctine genus from temperate forests of Mexico and Cuba (Hymenoptera, Braconidae)}, journal = {ZooKeys}, volume = {589}, year = {2016}, pages = {143-164}, chapter = {143}, abstract = {

The new doryctine genus Sergey gen. n. is described with four new species (S. cubaensis Zald\ívar-River\ón\ \& Mart\ínez, sp. n., S. coahuilensis Zald\ívar-River\ón \& Mart\ínez, sp. n., S. tzeltal Mart\ínez \& Zal\ídivar-River\ón, sp. n., S. tzotzil Mart\ínez \& Zal\ídivar-River\ón, sp. n.) from temperate forests of Mexico and\ Cuba. Similar to many other doryctine taxa, the new genus has a considerably elongated, petiolate basal\ sternal plate of the first metasomal tergite, although it can be distinguished from these by having the\ mesoscutum sharply declivous anteriorly with sharp anterolateral edges. The described species have been\ characterised molecularly based on two mitochondrial (COI, cyt b) and one nuclear (28S) gene markers.\ Based on the mitochondrial gene genealogies reconstructed, the evidence suggests the existence of incomplete\ lineage sorting or hybridization in the populations from Chiapas and Oaxaca assigned to S. tzeltal\ sp. n.

}, keywords = {Doryctinae, Ichneumonoidea, incomplete lineage sorting, keys, new species, taxonomy}, doi = {10.3897/zookeys.589.8291}, author = {J.J. Martinez and R.N.M. L{\'a}zaro and C. Pedraza-Lara and A. Zaldivar-Riveron} } @article {1883, title = {Phylogenetic relationships and description of Bolivar, a new genus of Neotropical doryctine wasps (Hymenoptera : Braconidae)}, journal = {Invertebrate Systematics}, volume = {27}, year = {2013}, month = {12/2013}, pages = {673{\textendash}688}, abstract = {

Metasomal elongation is a common feature in species of various parasitoid Hymenoptera, probably due to adaptive morphological convergence to similar parasitoid strategies. The braconid subfamily Doryctinae is perhaps where this feature has evolved the most times independently. Here we recognise a new Neotropical doryctine wasp genus with a petiolate first metasomal tergum, based on molecular and morphological analysis. The phylogenetic affinities of the new genus within Doryctinae and the relationships among six of its described and three potentially cryptic, undescribed species were reconstructed using sequence data from three genes, wingless, 28SrDNA and COI. The new genus is resolved in a clade together with Semirhytus Sz\épligeti, Johnsonius Marsh and Parallorhogas Marsh. These four genera share vein m-cu of the hind wing slightly curved distally and the propodeum with a distinct lateral and median longitudinal carina and an apical areola. The relationships recovered among the examined species suggest a South American origin for the new genus and its subsequent diversification into Central America and Mexico. Described as Bolivar, gen. nov., this new taxon comprises eight species, two species previously placed within Notiospathius Matthews \& Marsh, B. ornaticornis (Cameron), comb. nov., and B. bribri (Marsh), comb. nov., and six new species (B. ecuadorensis, sp. nov., B. helmuthi, sp. nov., B. pittieri, sp. nov., B. risaraldae, sp. nov., B. teres, sp. nov. and B. tuxtlae, sp. nov.).

}, keywords = {Doryctinae, Ichneumonoidea, Insecta, new species}, doi = {10.1071/IS13021}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and A. Rodr{\'\i}guez-Jim{\'e}nez and C.E. Sarmiento and C. Pedraza-Lara and E.K. L{\'o}pez-Estrada} } @article {1822, title = {Systematics and evolution of gall formation in the plant-associated genera of the wasp subfamily Doryctinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)}, journal = {Systematic Entomology}, year = {2014}, abstract = {
Gall formation is a specialised form of phytophagy that consists of abnormal growth of host plant tissue induced by other organisms, principally insects and mites. In the mainly parasitoid wasp subfamily Doryctinae, gall association, represented by gall inducers, inquilines and their parasitoids, is known for species of seven genera. Previous molecular studies recovered few species of six of these genera as monophyletic despite their disparate morphologies. Here, we reconstructed the evolutionary relationships among 47 species belonging to six gall-associated doryctine genera based on two mitochondrial and two nuclear gene markers. Most of the Bayesian\ analyses, performed with different levels of incomplete taxa and characters, supported the monophyly of gall-associated doryctines, with Heterospilus (Heterospilini) as sister group. Percnobracon Kieffer and J\örgensen and Monitoriella Hedqvist were consistently recovered as monophyletic, and the validity of the monotypic Mononeuron was confirmed with respect to Allorhogas Gahan. A nonmonophyletic Allorhogas was recovered, although without significant support. The relationships obtained and the gathered morphological and biological information led us to erect three new genera originally assigned to Psenobolus:\ Ficobolus\ gen.n. (F. paniaguai sp.n. and F. jaliscoi sp.n.), Plesiopsenobolus gen.n. (Pl. mesoamericanus sp.n., Pl. plesiomorphus van\ Achterberg and Marsh comb.n., and Pl. tico sp.n.), and Sabinita gen.n. (S. mexicana\ sp.n.). The origin of the gall-associated doryctine clade was estimated to have occurred during the middle Miocene to early Oligocene, 16.33\–30.55 Ma. Our results support the origin of true gall induction in the Doryctinae from parasitoidism of other gall-forming insects. Moreover, adaptations to attack different gall-forming taxa on various unrelated plant families probably triggered species diversification in the main Allorhogas clade and may also have promoted the independent origin of gall formation on at least three plant groups. Species diversification in the remaining doryctine taxa was probably a result of host shifts within a particular plant taxon and shifts to different plant organs.
}, keywords = {age estimation, clade, gall, keys}, doi = {10.1111/syen.12078}, author = {A. Zaldivar-Riveron and J.J. Martinez and S.A. Belokobylskij and C. Pedraza-Lara and S.R. Shaw and P.E. Hanson and F. Varela-Hernandez} }